Final
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| What are the 5 factors that affect facial markings? | *Age
*Environment
*Position of Body
*Condition of Body
*Heredity
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| How can age affect facial markings? | Loss of muscle tone with age causes sagging and the markings move as well. There is gradual dehydration, and collagen production reduces.
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| How can environment affect facial markings? | *Hot, dry, windy climates-> accelerate dehydration
*More/less exposure to sun-> accelerates dehydration, increases risk of skin cancer
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| How can the position of the body affect facial markings? | The change from standing to supine causes the direction of sag to change, laying supine can smooth wrinkles and make lines look longer.
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| How can the condition of the body affect facial markings? | Rapid loss of weight-> results in increased sag, which results in an increase in the length/# of lines
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| How can heredity affect facial markings? | Some people are predisposed to getting wrinkles while others may not be.
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| A crevice in the skin bordered by adjacent elevations | Furrow
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| An elongated depression in a relatively level surface | Groove
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| A recurved margin having greater projection than the surrounding area | Fold/Eminence
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| How many natural facial markings are there? How many acquired? | 9 Natural
11 Acquired
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| Name the 9 natural facial markings | Philtrum, Nasolabial Fold, Nasal Sulcus, Oblique Palpebral Sulcus, Angulus Oris Eminence, Angulus Oris Sulcus, Labiomental Sulcus, Submental Sulcus, & Dimples
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| Name the 11 acquired facial markings | Nasolabial Sulcus, Transverse Frontal Sulci, Intercilliary Sulci, Optic Facial Sulci, Superior Palpebral Sulcus, Inferior Palpebral Sulcus, Buccofacial Sulcus. Mandibular Sulcus, Labail Sulci, Platysmal Sulci & Cords of the Neck
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| The vertical groove located medially on the superior integumentary lip | Philtrum
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| The eminence of the cheek and adjacent to the mouth | Nasolabial Fold
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| The angular area between the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold | Nasal Sulcus
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| Shallow, curving groove below the inner corner of the eyelids | Oblique Palpebral Sulcus
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| A small convex prominence lateral to the line of lip closure | Angulus Oris Eminence
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| The groove at each end of the line of lip closure | Angulus Oris Sulcus
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| The junction of the lower lip and the chin which may appear as a furrow | Labiomental Sulcus
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| The junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area | Submental Sulcus
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| Shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin | Dimples
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| Furrow originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the side of the mouth | Nasolabial Sulcus
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| Horizontal furrows of the forehead caused by the frontalis muscle | Transverse Frontal Sulci
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| Vertical furrows between the eyebrows caused by the corrigator muscles | Vertical Intercilliary Sulci
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| Horizontal furrows between the eyebrows caused by the procerus muscle | Horizontal Intercilliary Sulci
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| Furrows that radiate from the lateral corner of the eye caused by the orbicularis oculi | Optic Facial Sulci
"Crow's Feet"
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| Furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid | Superior Palpebral Sulcus
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| Furrow of the inferior border of the lower eyelid | Inferior Palpebral Sulcus
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| Vertical furrow of the cheeck | Buccofacial Sulcus
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| Furrow beneath the jawline which arises vertically on the cheek | Mandibular Sulcus
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| Vertical furrows of the lips | Labial Sulci
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| Transverse dipping furrows of the neck | Platysmal Sulci
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| Vertical prominences of the neck | Cords of the Neck
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| Pinna | Ear
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| Describe the ear | *Composed of primarily cartilage
*Width is 2/3 the length
*External auditory meatus is anatomical guide
*Zygomatic arch divides in half
*Mandibular condyle lies just anterior to tragus
*Crest of curvature lies even with the eyebrow
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| *Outer rim of the ear *Inner margin is undercut *Origin: Crus of the Helix | Helix
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| Divides the ear in half & is deeper than the surface of the cheek | Crus of the Helix
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| *Fossa between the outer and inner rims **Shallowest depression in ear | Scapha
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| *Inner rim of the ear *Upper third bifurcates | Antihelix
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| The bifurcation of the antihelix | Crura
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| The depression between the crura in the anterior portion of the superior third of the ear | Triangular Fossa
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| *Concave shell of the ear *Deepest depression & leads to the auditory meatus *Occupies the middle third of the ear *Crus of the helix grows from here | Concha
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| The elevation protecting the ear passage | Tragus
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| Small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus | Antitragus
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| Notch between the tragus and antitragus | Intertragic Notch
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| Occupies the lower third of the ear | Lobe
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| *Pyramidal Mass *Leptorrhine, Platyrrhine, or Mesorrhine | Nose
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| Long, narrow nose shape | Leptorrhine
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| Wide, broad, short nose shape | Platyrrhine
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| Intermediate between the leptorrhine & platyrrhine | Mesorrhine
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| Profile where the nose is straight from root to tip "Grecian Nose" | Straight Profile
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| Profile where the nose has a downward curvature "Infantine" "Snub Nose" "Pug" "Ski Nose" | Concave Profile
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| Profile where the dorsum has a slight bulge out/outward curvature "Roman Nose" "Aquiline Nose" | Convex Profile
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| The nose has a slight depression and the tip pushes up a bit | Retrousse
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| How many major cartilages are there in the nose? | 5
*Septal and Lateral Cartilages
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| Protruding ridge of the nose | Dorsum
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| Name the 3 parts of the dorsum | Root, Bridge, Protruding Lobe
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| Concavity inferior to the glabella | Root
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| The roughly triangular projection of the nose | Bridge
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| The spherical, round, angular termination of the dorsum | Protruding lobe
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| The point of greatest projection of the dorsum | Tip
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| *The lateral lobes of the nose *Create the greatest width of the nose | The Wings
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| The superficial partition between the nostrils | Columna Nasi
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| Pear shaped, nostril openings found in the posterior 2/3 of the base of the nose | Anterior Nares
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| The lateral walls of the nose | Sides
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| *2 eye widths wide *Occupies the upper 2/3 of the inferior 1/3 of the face | Mouth
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| *Superior Border: base of nose *Inferior Border: superior mucous membrane *Lateral Border: nasolabial folds | Superior Integumentary Lip
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| *Superior Border: inferior mucous membrane *Inferior Border: top of the chin (labiomental sulcus) *Lateral Border: vertical line that touches the ends of the line of lip closure | Inferior Integumentary Lip
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| The reddish portion of the lips | Mucous Membrane
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| The line of color change at the junction of the wet & dry portions of the mucous membrane | Weather Line
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| Permanent, shallow wrinkles on the surface of the dry mucous membrane | Vertical Lines
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| The tiny prominence or protrusion on the midline of the superior mucous membrane | Medial Lobe
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| Identify the 5 natural arcs/curves of the line of lip closure | *1 in the center formed by the medial lobe
*2 long slightly dipping curves bilaterally
*2 small upward/downward turns at the corners
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| The most protruding plane where the philtrum is located | Central Plane of the Superior Integumentary Lip
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| What does the border of the superior mucous membrane resemble? | Hunters Bow/Hunting Bow
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| What does the border of the inferior mucous membrane resemble? | An elliptical form
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| Where is the greatest projection of the eyeball? | The Cornea
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| What does the line of closure of the eye resemble? | A dipping curve
*the lateral end is inferior & posterior to the medial end
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| The thicker edge of the eyelid where the lashes are | Tarsus
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| What shape does the eye have when closed? | Almond
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| The depression above the medial 1/3 of the superior palpebra | Naso-orbital Fossa
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| The fold of skin between the supercilium and superior palpebra | Supraorbital Margin
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| The small elevation of skin extending medially from the medial corner of the superior palpebra | Inner Canthus
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| Eyelashes *grow irregularly in length, thickness, & spaces | Cilia
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| Eyebrow | Supercilium
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| Shallow wrinkles on the eyelid | Linear Sulci
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| Crease that forms between the superior palpebrae and the supraorbial margin | Superior Palpebral Sulcus
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