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| Women’s Christian Temperance Movement | purpose: combat the influence of alcohol
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| Volstead Act of 1919 | Enforced the 18th amendment: prohibition of alcohol
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| Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 | law providing federal inspection of meat products, and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation or altered food products or poisonous patent medicines
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| Meat Inspection Act of 1906 | authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption, partly in response to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, motivated to protect America’s diet
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| Warren G. Harding | 29th president (1921-1923), Republican, peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary, formally ended WWI, established Bureau of Veterans Affairs, treaty to indemnify Columbia for its loss of Panama, Teapot Dome Scandal
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| Federal Reserve Act 1913 | created the Federal Reserve System, the central bank of US
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| Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 | prohibits: 1) price discrimination between different purchasers if such discrimination substantially lessens competition or tends to create a monopoly in any line of commerce 2) sales on the condition that the buyer not deal with the seller's competitors
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| William Jennings Bryan | Lawyer, three time presidential nominee for Democrats, prominent leader of the Progressive Movement, Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson but resigned, strong support of Prohibition, “The Prince of Peace” (strongly against Darwinism)
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| Zimmerman Note | A coded telegraph from the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire Arthur Zimmerman to the German Ambassador in Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt, at the height of WWI. Proposed alliance against the US. DECLINED
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| Lusitania | American Liner from Liverpool to New York, sunk by German U-Boats
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| Geneva Convention | Henri Dunant, consist of four treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns
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| Daylight Savings Time | Government uses it to conserve energy, first mentioned by Ben Franklin, proposed by William Willett in 1907, put into practice by German government during WWI
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| Armistice Day | Anniversary of the official end of WWI (Nov 11th, 1918)
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| Fourteen Points | Speech by Wilson, intended to set a blueprint for peace in Europe after WWI, Point 14 called for a multilateral international association of nations to enforce the peace, foreshadowing the League of Nations (and, after WWI, the United Nations
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| Schenck vs. US 1919 | Case: question of whether the defendant possessed a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during World War I. Schenck gave out flyers stating 13th amendment, sent to jail for six months
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| Muller vs. Oregon 1908 | Case: an Oregon law of 1903, that stated that women could not work more than ten hours a day, being violated by Curt Muller, a laundry owner.Verdict: State won in giving women shorter hours
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| Great Migration (1914-1950) | Southern blacks moved from the south to large industrial cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, etc. Why? Wanted to escape the Jim Crow Laws. WWI caused a shortage of workers in the North so blacks moved North.
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| “The Shame of the Cities” 1904 | By Lincoln Steffens, sought to expose public corruption in many major cities in US
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| John Muir | Preservationist, saved Yosemite Valley, started the Sierra Club
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| Gifford Pinchot | 1st chief of United States Forest Service, conservationist, Republican Governor of Pennsylvania
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| Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy 1909 | Between Richard Ballinger and Gifford Pinchot that helped lead the split of the Republican Party, during Taft’s presidency
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| Jacob Riis | Danish-American muckraker journalist, photographer, and social reformer, used his photography to help the less fortunate in NY
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| Florence Kelley | Worked for numerous political and social reforms, accomplishments: Pure Food and Drug Act, and laws against minimum wage and regulating hours, an activist for Women’s suffrage, African American Civil Rights, helped create NAACP
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| Alice Stokes Paul | An American suffragist leader
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| 16th Amendment | Congress can lay and collect taxes on income
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| 17th Amendment | direct election of Senators by the people of a state rather than their election or appointment by a state legislature
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| 18th Amendment | Established Prohibition
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| 19th Amendment | The right of citizens in the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
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| Jeanette Rankin | First woman elected in the House of Reps, first female member of Congress, Republican, only member to vote against entry into WWI and WWI, against the Vietnam War
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| buller moosers | A member of the Progressive Party under Roosevelt
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| direct primary | A preliminary election in which a party's candidates for public office are nominated by direct vote of the people
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| election of 1912 | (R) Incumbent Taft, (Progressive) Roosevelt, (D) Wilson; Wilson won
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| Taft and Dollar Diplomacy | is the term used to describe the efforts of the United States to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power, under Taft’s presidency
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| Wilson’s “The New Freedom” | promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.
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| Payne-Aldrich Tariff 1909 | Named after Representative Sereno Payne and Senator Nelson Aldrich, bill called for lowering of tariffs on goods coming into the US. Gained so many amendments that it raised tariffs, angered the Progressives, split (R) into the Progressives and Old Guards
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| Hetch Hetchy | A glacial valley in Yosemite Park
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| Robert LaFollette “Fighting Bob” | American political leader, founder of Progressive Movement
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| Northern Securities Case | A railroad monopoly was dissolved
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| Initiative | a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote on a proposed statute, constitutional amendment, charter amendment or ordinance. It is a form of direct democracy.
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| Underwood Tariff | Aka Revenue Act of 1913, imposed the first federal income tax following the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment and lowered basic tariff rates from 41% to 27%, well below the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909
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| Anti-German Hysteria | After declaration of war on Germany, the country showed a radical display of hysteria against everything and everyone German. Ex. German teachers were dismissed, German Street to English Street
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