Helping Relationships
Help!
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| Wellness | A persons physical, mental, psychological, and spiritual well being.
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| Therapeutic alliance | the counseling relationship between a client and a counselor. This is the most important predictor of client success.
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| empathy | counselor's ability to understand and effectively communicate back a clients thoughts, feelings, and worldview.
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| Resistance | characterized by a client's unwillingness to work on their problems and make changes in their lives.
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| Anxiety control | Freud. Theory that resistance is due to client's attempts to repress unsavory anxiety causing memories that are part of their unconscious.
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| Noncompliance | Behaviorists. resistance is displayed when clients do not complete their behavioral homework. reasons for compliance:lack of necessary skills or knowledge, negative expectations or cognitions, undesirable environmental conditions.
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| 5 Factor Model | an evidence based model of personality. Breaks down the construct of personality into 5 factors: openness, consciousness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. OCEAN(helpful for remembering)
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| Neo Peraonality Inventory-Revised | Commonly used to measure these factors in clients, and clinicians can use the results to help formulate useful interventions to help clients improve their quality of life
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| Stages of Counseling | Relationship building, action/intervention, and termination
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| Relationship-building stage | it is essential that the counselor establish an open, trusting, and collaborative relationship with the client. Also explain informed consent, discuss the counseling process, and clarify the roles and responsibilities of both counselor and client.
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| Action/intervention stage | Counselor works with the client to target addressed issues and establish meaningful goals. Goals should be specific, attainable, observable, and manageable.
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| Termination stage | Counselors responsibility to end the counseling relationship. Usually initiated after the client has achieved their goals.
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| Consultation | The formal process by which individuals meet to solve a problem
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| Triadic-Dependent Model of Consultation | Consists of a consultant, consultee, and client. The counselor seeks advice from an expert about the 3rd party-client
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| Collaborative-dependent model | the consultee still relies on the consultant for help while both parties contribute their unique background and skills to resolve the problem.
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| collaborative-independent model | No expert is part of the model. Everyone who participates holds equal authority and depends on the others for specialized knowledge.
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| Consultation process | 1. Consultant Establishes rapport, explains consultation process and defines the responsibilities of each member. Next work together to define the problem and set a goal. Solutions are then brainstormed.
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| Psychological first aid | an evidence based approach used to respond to individuals who have experienced a disaster, terrorist attack, or other disturbing event.
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| Basic counseling skills | Attending, questioning, reflecting, paraphrasing, summarizing, confronting, interpreting, self-disclosure, feedback, and giving information.
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| Attending | The counselors use of verbal and nonverbal behaviors to convey to the client that the counselor is actively listening and is interested in the client's self-disclosure.
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| Questioning | Counselors ask open-ended questions and close ended questions to obtain further information from clients, often for clarification or to encourage deeper exploration of topics.
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| Reflecting | Verbal responses to clients that indicate that the professional counselor understands their emotions, thoughts, or meaning behind disclosure.
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| Paraphrasing | Involves repeating back the essence of what a client has said in the counselor's own words to convey understanding, check the accuracy of the counselor's comprehension, and summarize the significant elements that have been disclosed by the client.
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| Summarizing | Condensing the important aspects discussed over a substantial period of time into a succinct synopsis. This is often used at the end of a session.
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| Self-Disclosure | Sharing personal information with a client to help connect with the client, give feedback, or provide the client with alternate perspectives or ideas.
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| confronting | Informing clients about discrepancies in their words, behaviors, feelings, or nonverbal communication in order to increase client self-awareness, so the client can become more congruent.
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| Feedback | Sharing thoughts, feelings, and impressions about the client directly with the client to help the client gain an increased self-awareness, confront inconsistencies, and reinforce progress.
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| giving information | Counselors provide clients with information to help them achieve their goals.
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| interpreting | Involves suggesting possible reasons for a clients behavior, thoughts, or feelings or helping clients recognize hidden meaning in their actions. Helps increase client awareness.
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| Determinism | People's actions are predetermined by forces of which they are unaware.
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| Sigmund Freud | Father of psychoanalysis, developed psychoanalytic theory, based on the belief that psychological disorders stem from one's unconscious conflicts and repressed desires.
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| conscious mind | aware of everything occurring in the present.
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| pre-conscious mind | combines characteristic of both the unconscious and the conscious mind. For example, even though the pre-conscious mind has forgotten memories and vast stores of knowledge and information, with assistance or cues,they can easily be recalled.
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| unconscious mind | contains memories, instincts and drives that are exceedingly difficult to bring to a persons conscious awareness.
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| Personality Development Freud | Each individual's personality is based on the interplay between 3 main elements: id, ego, and superego/
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| Id | Seat of biological desires, pleasure principle and primary-process thought, chaotic, unconscious impulses.
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| Ego | controlled by the reality principle, balances the id and the superego. Functions include: memory, problem solving ability, rational or logical thought processes. Functions are secondary to thought processess.
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| Superego | internalized ethics, composed of values, morals, ideas: It strives for perfection.
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| Dream interpretation | process of assigning meaning to dreams
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| transference | (projections onto a therapist) must be worked through.
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| Counter transference | consists of projections of the therapist onto the patient
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| Free association | Clients are encouraged to speak about early life memories without thinking. They are asked to say anything that occurs to them, no matter how absurd.
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| dream analysis | clients are asked to pay attention and remember their dreams, then during sessions the psychoanalyst interprets the client's dreams, looking for both manifest and latent content.
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| Manifest content Dream analysis | is the symbolism in dreams with meaning that is easily perceived.
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| Latent Content Dream analysis | is the symbolism in dreams that is harder to understand and interpret.
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| Ego Psycholgoy | Believes that the ego can act independently from the id and the superego under favorable conditions.
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| Interpersonal Psychoanalysis | Henry Sullivan, contends that peoples mental disorders stem from dysfunctional patterns of interpersonal interactions. Focused on clients present patterns of interaction rather than the past.
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| Self-psychology | Heinz Kohut, asserts that psychological disorders result from unsatisfied developmental needs.
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| Individual psychology | Alfred Adler,healthy individuals have social interest and compassion for other people.
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| Inferiority complex | Refers to an individual who is unable to move beyond feelings inferiority. Interferes with an individual's ability to live healthy, socially interested and goal-directed life. Can lead to over compensation.
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Created by:
janthony22