Chapter 3 Notes
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| the activation of receptors located in the eyes, ears, skin, nasal cavities, and tongue. | Sensation
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| the smallest amount of energy needed for conscious detection of a stimulus at least half the time it is present. | Absolute Threshold
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| smallest differences between two stimuli that is detectable 50% of the time | Just Noticeable Difference
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| - determined by the amplitude of the wave—how high or how low the wave actually is. The higher the wave, the brighter the light will be. Low waves are dimmer | Brightness
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| is determined by the length of the wave | Color or hue
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| refers to the purity of the color people see; mixing in black or gray would also lessen the saturation. | Saturation
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| What order of eye parts does light travel throug? | Enters through Cornea, goes through pupil (pupil size is controled by iris size on lens and then goes to Retina.
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| jelly-like fluid called that also nourishes the eye and gives it shape located behind the lens. | Vitreous humor
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| Right after Cornea is a clear, watery fluid that is continually replenished and supplies nourishment to the front of the eye. | Aqueous Humor
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| this theory proposed three types of cones: red cones, blue cones, and green cones, one for each of the three primary colors of light | Trichromatic theory
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| theory of color vision that proposes four primary colors with cones arranged in pairs: red and green, blue and yellow. | Opponent-process theory
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| images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed. | After Images
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| Have no cones or cones that are not working at all. | Monochrome Color Blindness
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| red or green cones are not working and would see world in blues, yellows, and shades of gray. | Red Green Color Blindness
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| See world in reds, greens, and shades of gray if blue cones ar not working. | Blue Yellow Color Blindness
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| Is eiter red green or blue yellow color blind | Dichromat
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| Why is it more common for a men to be color blind than women. | A man only needs one recessive gene to be colorblind a woman needs two.
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| The height of a sound wave is its | Amplitude
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| (a richness in the tone of the sound). | Timbre
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| Another word for Amplitude | Volume
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| Outter Ear | Pinna
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| Cycles per second | Hertz
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| short tunnel that runs from the pinna to the eardrum (tympanic membrane). | Auditory Canal
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| thin section of skin that tightly covers the opening into the middle part of the ear | Ear Drum
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| When sound waves hit the eardrum, it vibrates and causes three tiny bones in the middle ear to vibrate. | Hanmer, Anvil, and Stirrup
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| This membrane is called the oval window | Inner Ear
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| A snail like structure is called the | Cochlea
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| The Cochlea is located where | Inner Ear
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| The fluid inside the Cochlea is call the | Basilar Membrane
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| Contains receptor cells for the sense of hearing | Organ of Corti
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| Hair like cells send neural messages through the | Auditory Nerve
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| Type of hearing impairment that sound vibrations can not be passed from the eardrum to the choclea. | Conduction Hearing Impairment
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| Type of hearing impairment that hearing aids may help | Conduction Hearing Impairment
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| Type of hearing impairment that lies either in the inner ear or in the auditory pathways and the cortical areas of the brain. | Nerve hearing Impairment.
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| is the sense of taste. | Gustodian
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| taste receptor cells in mouth; responsible for sense of taste | Taste Buds
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| bumps on the tongue in which taste buds line the walls | Papillae
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| Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, “Brothy | Five Basic Tastes
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| is the sense of smell. | Olfaction
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| n the upper part of the sinus cavity receive molecules of substances and create neural signals which then go to the olfactory bulbs | Olfactory Sensors
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| The olfactory Bulbs are located in the | Frontal Lobe
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| The neural smaell sensors go directly to the olfactory bulb in the frontal lobe not through the | Thalmus
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| A pain located in the organs | Visceral pain
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| Respond to pressure just under the skin | Pacinian Corpuscles
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| pain sensations in skin, muscles, tendons, and joints. | Somatic Pain
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| Without the ability to feel pain | Congential Analgesia, and Congenital Insensitivity
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| Feeling pain in a missing limb | Phantom pain
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| Pain signal pass through a gate in the spinal cord. | Gate Control Theory
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| The bodies sense of position in space | Kinesthesia
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| The sense of balance | Vestibular Sense
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| Tiny sacs just above the chochlea | Otolith Organs
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| Disagreement between what the eyes and body say causes | Motion Sickness
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| Sensory Conflict is another name for | Motion Sickness
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| Skin, Kenesthetic and vestibular senses are | Somesthetic Senses
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| Taste/gustation and smell/olfaction are | Chemical Senses
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| the method by which the sensations experienced at any given moment are interpreted and organized in some meaningful fashion | Perception
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| Size, shape, and brightness constancies are | Perceptual Constancies
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| The whole is greater than the sum of its parts | Gestalt Theory
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| refer to the tendency to perceive objects, or figures as existing, on some background | Figure-ground
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| a tendency to perceive objects that are close to one another as part of the same grouping | Proximity
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| tendency to complete figures that are incomplete | Closure
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| cues for depth that require only 1 eye for perception | Monocular
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| tendency for lines that are parallel to appear to converge in the distance relative size:perception that occurs when objects that a person expects to be of a certain size appear to be small and are, therefore, assumed to be much farther away overlap | Linear Perspective
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| the assumption that an object that appears to be blocking part of another object is in front of the second object and closer to the viewer | Overlap
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| the haziness that surrounds objects that are farther away from the viewer, causing the distance to be perceived as greater | aerial perspective
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| the perception of motion of objects in which close objects appear to move more quickly than objects that are farther away | motion parallax
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| as a monocular clue, the brain's use of information about the changing thickness of the lens of the eye in response to looking at objects that are close or far away. | accommodation
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| REFERRS TO THE ROTATION OF TWO EYES IN THEIR SOCKETS TO FOCUS ON A SINGLE OBJECT. | Convergence
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| Scientific way of saying because 2 eyes are a couple of inches a part they do not see exactly the samething. | Binocular disparity
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| a perception that does not correspond to reality | Illusion
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| Autokinetic Effect and stroboscopic motion are | Illusions of motion
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| A light in a dark room appears to be moving | Autokinetic Effect
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| Rapid series of pictures of still pictures appear to be moving. | Stroboscopic motion
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| Lights turned on in a rapid sequence | Phi Phenomenom
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| refers to the tendency to perceive objects and situations a particular way because of prior experiences | Perceptual Set
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| reception of information not gained through the recognized senses. | Extrasensory Perception ESP
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