chapter 21
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is sensitometry | the measurement of the characteristic responses of film to exposure and processing
🗑
|
||||
| What is accomplished by exposing and processing film and then measuring and evaluating the resulting densities | sensitometry
🗑
|
||||
| *What method is useful in establishing, evaluating, and maintaining technical exposure factor charts and systems | *sensitometric methods
🗑
|
||||
| *Who can only perform the duties of the sensitometric methods | *qualified radiographer
🗑
|
||||
| A penetrometer, sensitometer, and a densitometer are what type of equipment | equipment for sensitometric procedures
🗑
|
||||
| What is an increasingly thick uniform absorbers made of aluminum steps, sometimes use tissue equivalent plactic | penetrometer
🗑
|
||||
| What is another name for a penetrometer | step wedge because of its shape
🗑
|
||||
| How does the penetrometer create a step wedge on radiographic film | by exposure to x-ray
🗑
|
||||
| Why is the penetrometer is a excellent method for monitoring both x-ray equipment and film/intensifying screen combinations | it reproduces the variables associated witha clinical situation
🗑
|
||||
| What is designed to expose a reproducible uniform, optical step wedge onto a film | sensitometer
🗑
|
||||
| The sensitometer contains________ (a pulse stroboscopiclight is best) and a piece of film with astandardized _________(a step tablet) | controlled intensity light source,optical step wedge image
🗑
|
||||
| *What reproduces the same amount of light each time it is triggered | *cotrolled light source
🗑
|
||||
| *What are controlled by circuits that supply an exact quanity of to a capacitor that discharges to astroboscopic light when triggered | *volume fluctuations
🗑
|
||||
| What absorbs a calibrated amount of controlled light | optical step wedge
🗑
|
||||
| The optical step wedge leaves a uniform and reproducible _________ to expose any film placed in the _________ over the optcal ste wedge | light penetrometer, sensitometer
🗑
|
||||
| What should not be touched because hands leaves a film of oil that interfers with the light intensity | optical step wedge
🗑
|
||||
| What usually increase density 100 percent by a factor of 2 per step | 11 step wedge
🗑
|
||||
| What increases density up to 41 percent by a faactor of 1.41 times | 21 step wedge
🗑
|
||||
| *What wedge is perfect for processor quality control monitoring | *sensitometer produced step wedge
🗑
|
||||
| *When the film is processed, what is carried backward on the emulsion as it is driven through the rollers of an automatic processor | *exhausted reducing agents and bromide ions
🗑
|
||||
| *how is the sensitometric strips fed into the automatic processor | *with either the long axis of the step wedge parallel to the entrance rollers or with the light edge entering the processor first
🗑
|
||||
| What instrument provide a readout of the amount of blackening on the film | densitometer
🗑
|
||||
| What do the densimeter consist of | calibrated uniform light source, stage, light aperture, sensor arm, readout display, and calibration control
🗑
|
||||
| *What must be calibrated before each reading by recording the amount of light the light source is emitting | *densitomter
🗑
|
||||
| *The calibrating of the densitometer is done by pushing the __________ so that the sensor is in contact with the light source | *sensor arm
🗑
|
||||
| *What is used to set the readout display of the densitometer to zero | *calibration control
🗑
|
||||
| *What can calculate the difference between the calibration intensity and the intensity of light the film is transmitting | *densitometer
🗑
|
||||
| *What do some densitometers include to to negate the blue tint in the film base | *filter
🗑
|
||||
| *because films are sensitive to a wide range of exposures, their _______ are best visualized if the range is compressed into a logarithmic scale | *densities
🗑
|
||||
| When using a logarithmic scale with a base of _____ and increment of 0.3 represents a ____________ of exposure | 10, doubling
🗑
|
||||
| What are the numbers displayed by the densitometer | optical density numbers
🗑
|
||||
| What is the density range for radiographic film | OD 0.0 to 0.4
🗑
|
||||
| *What is the ability of a film to stop light | *opacity
🗑
|
||||
| What is normally shown as a graphic relationship between the amount of exposure and the resultant density on the film | sensitometry
🗑
|
||||
| Which axis is composed in a logarithmic scale | horizontal exposure axis (x axis)
🗑
|
||||
| Which axis is shown as a linear scale | vertical density axis (y axis)
🗑
|
||||
| The curves of the axis is known as | density log exposure or D log or E curves
🗑
|
||||
| Characteristic, sensitometric, and Hunter and Driffield curves are also known as what | D log or E curves
🗑
|
||||
| What are the important elements of a typical D log E curve | the base plus fog, toe, straight line gamma , shoulder, and maximum density Dmax
🗑
|
||||
| What represents the density at no exposure or the density that are inherent | base + fog
🗑
|
||||
| What includes the density of the film base, its tints and dyes, plus any fog the film experiences | base + fog
🗑
|
||||
| What is the ranges for the radiographic film density | OD 0.05-0.10
🗑
|
||||
| True or False: the total base fog is seldom below OD 0.10 but should not exceed OD 0.22 | true
🗑
|
||||
| What usually adds about OD 0.05-0.10 in _______ | processing the film, fog density
🗑
|
||||
| What is the measurement of the diagnostic quality of the information on a radiograph | OD 0.5 to 1.25
🗑
|
||||
| Why is the straight line portion of the curve fairly straight | the film is reacting in a linear fashion to exposure
🗑
|
||||
| What is primarily caused by the high temperature at which automatic processors operate | the hyperactivity of the developer solution
🗑
|
||||
| What is the reducing agent that controls the subtle gray tones early in the development process | phenidone
🗑
|
||||
| What is the region of the curve predominately controlled by the phenidone | toe
🗑
|
||||
| What is the portion of the curve that is between the toe and the shoulder | straight line portion
🗑
|
||||
| What is the range of the diagnostic densities | from the low of OD 0.25-0.50 to a high of OD 2.0 to 3.0
🗑
|
||||
| What is the reducing agent that controls the heavy black tone later in the developer | hydroquinone
🗑
|
||||
| What is the name of the curve that is controlled by the hydroquinone | shoulder
🗑
|
||||
| What is the maximum density the film is capable of recording | Dmax
🗑
|
||||
| Dmax is what point on the D log or E cure | highest
🗑
|
||||
| *What represents the points where all sulver halides have a full complement of silver atoms andcannot accept more | *the highest point on the D log or E curve
🗑
|
||||
| *What is the result of the exposure beyond Dmax | *less density
🗑
|
||||
| *why would there be less density beyond Dmax | *silver atoms attached to the sensitivity specks will be ionized again, reversing their charge and causes them to repell from the speck
🗑
|
||||
| *what is the process of reducing the intensity of the latent image, producing less density | *reversal or solarization
🗑
|
||||
| *what is the shape of the true D log E curve | *bell shaped
🗑
|
||||
| what is the name of the film that is preexposed to Dmax | duplication film
🗑
|
||||
| What will cause a reversed duplicated image instead of a negative one | additional exposure
🗑
|
||||
| *What will cause a reversed duplicated image instead of a negative one | *additional exposure
🗑
|
||||
| What will cause a reversed duplicated image instead of a negative one | *additional exposure
🗑
|
||||
| What are the classification of the primary characteristic of film | resolution, speed, contrast, and latitude
🗑
|
||||
| What permit the analysis of speed, contrast, and latitude within the normal exposure ranges of the film | sensitometry
🗑
|
||||
| *What can causr reciprocity failure | *extremely high or long intensity exposure
🗑
|
||||
| *What can happen to silver halide crystals, when they are exposed to extremely long or high intensity levels | *they can overload
🗑
|
||||
| What is the ability to accurately image an object | resolution
🗑
|
||||
| What is another name for detail, sharpness, definition, and resolving power | resolution
🗑
|
||||
| How is resolution measured | by the ability to see pairs of lines
🗑
|
||||
| What is the unit of resolution | lp/mm ( line pairs per millimeter)
🗑
|
||||
| How is film resolution determined | by the size of the silver halide crystals
🗑
|
||||
| *Smaller crystals will darken what area of film | *small area
🗑
|
||||
| What cannot be visualized if it is smaller than a silver halide crystal | information
🗑
|
||||
| What kind of relationship exist between film resolution and crystal size | inverse
🗑
|
||||
| The smaller the crystal the _________ the resoluti on | higher
🗑
|
||||
| The _________ the crystal, the lower the resolution | larger
🗑
|
||||
| *What is grains another term for | *silver halide crystals
🗑
|
||||
| What does poor resolution called | graininess
🗑
|
||||
| Although film graininess can be seen, what controls the radiographic film/screen system resolution | intensifying screen phosphers
🗑
|
||||
| *True or False: The radiographic film/screen system resolution is controled by the size of the silver halide crystals | *false
🗑
|
||||
| What is the amount of density a film produces for a given amount of exposure | film speed
🗑
|
||||
| What is controlled by the activity of the phenidone | speed
🗑
|
||||
| How is film sensitivity determined | size of the silver halide crystals
🗑
|
||||
| What else have an effect on the film sensitivity | number of sensitivity specks and the thickness of the elmulsion
🗑
|
||||
| True or False: the film speed and the crystal size are directly related | true
🗑
|
||||
| The _______ the crystal, the ________ the film speed | larger, faster
🗑
|
||||
| True or false: the film speed and the number of sensitivity specks are directly related | true
🗑
|
||||
| True or false: the thicker the emulsion layer, there are more crystals | true
🗑
|
||||
| What will pprduce more film density | same number of photons
🗑
|
||||
| True or False: the film speed and thickness of emulsion are directly related | true
🗑
|
||||
| The _______ the emulsion the _________ the film speed | thicker, faster
🗑
|
||||
| The thinner the emulsion the _______ the film speed | slower
🗑
|
||||
| What is the point on the D log E curve where a density of OD 1.o + b+f is achieved | speed point
🗑
|
||||
| What is the log exposure that will produce the speed point for a given film | exposure point
🗑
|
||||
| What can determined by using the reciprocal of the exposure required to produce a given density | relative film/screen speed
🗑
|
||||
| What does ______1______ exposure in R needed to produce speed point density (OD 1.0+b+f) | relative speed
🗑
|
||||
| What does emmersion time, solution, temperature, amd chemical activity affects | film speed
🗑
|
||||
| What will cause a visible change in film density | 0.5 degrees
🗑
|
||||
| What is the difference between adjacent densities | contrast
🗑
|
||||
| What of the D log E curve determines contrast | shoulder
🗑
|
||||
| True or False: steeper the slope the higher the contrast | true
🗑
|
||||
| What is controlled by the level of activity of the hydroquinone | contrast
🗑
|
||||
| What is simply a measure of the solpe of the straight line portion of the curve at the speed point (OD 1.0) | Gamma
🗑
|
||||
| What defines the overall radiographic film contrast | average gradient
🗑
|
||||
| What does this formula __D__ represent E | average gradient
🗑
|
||||
| What are the most radiographic film average gradient | between 2.5 and 3.5
🗑
|
||||
| In radiography, what is the doubling the exposure with double the density | common misnomer
🗑
|
||||
| What is the range of exposures that will produce densities within the diagnostic range | latitude
🗑
|
||||
| Latitude can be recorded as the _____ of the range of exposures that will produce diagnostic range densities | width
🗑
|
||||
| True or false: latitude and contrast is inversely related | true
🗑
|
||||
| As contrast ________ latitude tends to _______ | increase, decrease
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
rachel43