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Midterm 1

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show concentration is the driving force. ions are affected by electrical potential, uncharged molecules are not.  
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show Diffusion of water down it's [gradient].  
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Osmotic Pressure   show
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Lipid Soluble Molecules   show
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show Leak channels and Gated channels  
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show Always open  
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show voltage, ligand, mechanical, temperature  
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show non-specific(gap jxns) or specific(size,charge) having varying levels of selectivity  
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show never full open, specific and direction given by [gradient]  
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show Uniport, Symport, Antiport  
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show one type of molecule at a time (glucose transporters)  
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Symport   show
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show Binds 2 substrates, one on opposite side. Molecules are exchanged (Na/H pump, Cl/HCO3 pump, Na/Ca pump)  
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Ohm's Law   show
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Electrical activity is carried by..   show
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show the electrical gradient between extracellular and intracellular fluid. resting means steady state, not changing. potential means potential E stored by the gradient.  
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Equilibrium Potential   show
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Types of G Proteins   show
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show stimulates adenylylcyclase-> makes cAMP + Pi ->PKA -> proteins are phosphorylated  
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show inhibits adenylylcyclase-> decreases cAMP->inhibts PKA ->fewer proteins are phosphorylated  
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show activates phospolipase-C ->attacks phospholipds-> cleaves the phosphoester bond of PIP2-> IP3(cytosol->ER->Ca release->sk.musc and incr. secretion of vesicles) + DAG(stays in mbrn)  
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show Remove ligand/NT/hormone. The alpha subunit releases GDP and hydrolyzes GDP->GTP(off)->alpha subunit can't activate downstream and rebinds w/beta and gamma (hydrolyze GTP to reverse rxn). Or phosphodiasterase inactivates cAMP->stops activating PKA  
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show increases the conductance of Na/K leading to strong depolarization  
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show has 2 receptors, AMDA(Na Channels)/NMDA(Na/Ca voltage dep). Hippocampus - involved in memory processing and learning (longterm potentiation)  
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show excitatory postsynaptic potential. allow Na to enter the cell. depolarizing->AP more likely to fire  
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IPSP   show
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GABA   show
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Catacholamines   show
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Chemical alteration of tyrosine   show
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schizophrenia   show
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parkinsons   show
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Andrenergic Receptors   show
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Alpha Andrenergic receptors have a greater affinity for   show
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Beta Andrenergic receptors have a greater affintiy for   show
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Beta 1 Andrenergic receptor leads to   show
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show vasodilation, bronchiodilation (epi pen for allergic rxn), inhibits smooth muscle contraction  
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show responses medieated w/ G-alpha q. increases intercellular Ca, causing smooth muscle contraction and or secretion  
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show regulated by G-alpha i. inhibit cAMP  
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Midbrain   show
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Medulla Oblongata   show
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show modulate respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. involve in inputs/outputs of cerebellum and positional outputs(equilibrium)  
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show motor control and coordination. coordinated movements and planning of the movements evokes proper function of this organ. receives input from various sensor cells (proprioceptors, vestibular inputs. controls reflexes involved with equilibrium.  
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show top of the brain stem. thalamus/hypothalamus are derived from it.  
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show relay station for all sensory input except olfactory  
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hypothalamus   show
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Created by: jriendea