Chpt 18
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| When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is Called | Down regulation
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| These hormones act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream. | Pancrines, Autocrines, and Local hormones
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| These are lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol. | Steroids
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| What is the major difference in the action of a water soluble hormone versus a lipid soluble? | The use of a second messenger
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| When one hormone opposing the action of another hormone is called? | antagonistic effects
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| What controls the anterior pituitary gland? | Action of hypothalamic hormones
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| Which of the anterior pituitary hormones stimulate growth? | Human Growth Hormone
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| Which hormone stimulates milk production? | Prolactin
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| Which anterior pituitary hormones stimulates Cortisol production? | Adrenocorticotropic hormone
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| Which anterior pituitary hormones stimulates sex cell production | Leutinizing Hormone
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| The pars distalis and the pars tuberalis: | The anterior pituitary
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| How many hormones do the 5 types of anterior pituitary secrete? | 5
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| Which type of anterior pituitary cell secrets human growth hormone? | Somatotrophs
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| Which hormone does the posterior pituitary produce? | Oxytocin and Antidiruetic hormone
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| The amount of ADH that is secreted varies with? | Blood osmotic pressure
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| Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? | Calcitonin
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| Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which ions in the blood? | Calcium
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| Which blood glucose lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells? | Insulin
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| Which hormone promotes metabolic rate? | Thyroid hormone
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| Which hormone is stimulated bu decreases in blood glucose? | Glucagon
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| Which hormones are part of the body's long term response to stress? | Cortisol, hGH, Thyroid hormone
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| This is an amine hormone derived from seratonin | Melatonin
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| Which hormone requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion? | prolactin
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| A "second messenger" for hormone response is | cAMP
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| For the formation of thyroxine to occur, it is essential that _____ be present. |
iodine
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| A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the absorption of calcium ions from the digestive tract is | calcitriol
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| What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland? | low levels of calcium ion in the blood
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| Which of the following is classified as a glucocorticoid? | cortisol
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| Which region of the adrenal gland produces mineralocorticoids? |
zona glomerulosa
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| The _____ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin. | beta
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| Target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the | anterior pituitary
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| Which of the following is NOT characteristic of steroid hormones? | Receptors are located on the cell membrane
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| Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions? | pancreas
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| Which of the following produce antagonistic results? |
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
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| Tropic hormones are secreted by the | anterior pituitary
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| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
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| Human growth hormone, through the action of insulinlike growth factors, | stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein breakdown
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| Glucocorticoids are produced in the | zona fasciculata, influence protein and fat metabolism, and promote vasoconstriction
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| Prostaglandins | are eicosanoids that act as local hormones in most body tissues.
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| The concentration of calcium ions and phosphates in the blood is regulated by | PTH
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| Which of the following hormones influence metabolism of most somatic cells? | T3
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| Which of the following are associated with diabetes mellitus? | glycosuria, polyuria, ketosis, and hyperglycemia
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| Which chemical acts both as a neurotransmitter in some locations and as a hormone in other locations? | norepinephrine
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| When an excess of a hormone is present the number of target cell receptors may decrease. This change is called | down-regulation
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| Autocrines are | local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them
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| In the stomach, the release of histamine by mast cells stimulates nearby cells to secrete hydrochloric acid). Histamine can therefore be classified as | a paracrine
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| Eicosanoid hormones are produced in | all cells except red blood cells
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| The ____________ is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems. | hypothalamus
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| Upon entering the blood, steroid and thyroid hormones | attach to specific transport proteins
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| The cell bodies of the axons of the posterior pituitary gland are actually located in the | hypothalamus of the brain
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| Blood passes in a direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through the | hypophyseal portal veins
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| Which endocrine gland is NOT regulated by tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary? | parathyroid gland
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| The most abundant anterior pituitary hormone is | human growth hormone (hGH)
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| Abnormally high levels of which anterior pituitary hormone will lead to hyperglycemia? | human growth hormone
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| The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes | oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
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| If you drank a liter of water very quickly, the result would be | decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
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| Abnormally low secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland results in the disease | diabetes insipidis
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| Adrenal hormones useful in treating chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism are | glucocorticoids
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| The release of cortisol is stimulated by | ACTH
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| Type II diabetes most often occurs in humans who are overweight and | over 35 years in age
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| Either a deficiency of insulin production by the pancreas, or defects in insulin receptors on target cells, result in the disease | diabetes mellitus
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| Which hormone is not produced in the male? | relaxin
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| The pineal gland is located in the | brain
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| Jet lag is associated with the changes in secretion of a hormone from the | pineal gland
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| Thyroid hormones are synthesized in thyroglobulin from | iodine and tyrosine
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| The releasing hormones of the hypothalamus responsible for initiating the resistance reaction phase of the GAS are | CRH, TRH, and GHRH
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| Hormone secretion is regulated by all but which of the following? | cerebral spinal fluid changes
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| What does the nervous system and the endocrine system have in common? | Mediators
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| Protein receptors can _______? | Breakdown and build up
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| Down regulation makes hormones ____ | less sensitive
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| Up regulation makes hormones ____ | more sensitive
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| Lipid Soluble | Steroid, Thyroid, and N.O
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| Water Soluble? | Amine, Peptide, Protein, Eicosanid
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| Action of 2 hormones | Permissive
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| Hormones act together for more powerful outcome | Synergistic
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| Chief cells make | PTH
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| Vitamin D | Calitrol
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| Makes Glucagon | Alpha
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| Secretes Insulin | Beta
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| Master Gland | pituitary
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| Inhibits or release | Hypothalamus
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| What makes melatonin | Pineal Gland
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