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Chpt 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is Called | Down regulation |
| These hormones act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream. | Pancrines, Autocrines, and Local hormones |
| These are lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol. | Steroids |
| What is the major difference in the action of a water soluble hormone versus a lipid soluble? | The use of a second messenger |
| When one hormone opposing the action of another hormone is called? | antagonistic effects |
| What controls the anterior pituitary gland? | Action of hypothalamic hormones |
| Which of the anterior pituitary hormones stimulate growth? | Human Growth Hormone |
| Which hormone stimulates milk production? | Prolactin |
| Which anterior pituitary hormones stimulates Cortisol production? | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| Which anterior pituitary hormones stimulates sex cell production | Leutinizing Hormone |
| The pars distalis and the pars tuberalis: | The anterior pituitary |
| How many hormones do the 5 types of anterior pituitary secrete? | 5 |
| Which type of anterior pituitary cell secrets human growth hormone? | Somatotrophs |
| Which hormone does the posterior pituitary produce? | Oxytocin and Antidiruetic hormone |
| The amount of ADH that is secreted varies with? | Blood osmotic pressure |
| Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? | Calcitonin |
| Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which ions in the blood? | Calcium |
| Which blood glucose lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells? | Insulin |
| Which hormone promotes metabolic rate? | Thyroid hormone |
| Which hormone is stimulated bu decreases in blood glucose? | Glucagon |
| Which hormones are part of the body's long term response to stress? | Cortisol, hGH, Thyroid hormone |
| This is an amine hormone derived from seratonin | Melatonin |
| Which hormone requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion? | prolactin |
| A "second messenger" for hormone response is | cAMP |
| For the formation of thyroxine to occur, it is essential that _____ be present. | iodine |
| A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the absorption of calcium ions from the digestive tract is | calcitriol |
| What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland? | low levels of calcium ion in the blood |
| Which of the following is classified as a glucocorticoid? | cortisol |
| Which region of the adrenal gland produces mineralocorticoids? | zona glomerulosa |
| The _____ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin. | beta |
| Target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the | anterior pituitary |
| Which of the following is NOT characteristic of steroid hormones? | Receptors are located on the cell membrane |
| Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions? | pancreas |
| Which of the following produce antagonistic results? | calcitonin and parathyroid hormone |
| Tropic hormones are secreted by the | anterior pituitary |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids |
| Human growth hormone, through the action of insulinlike growth factors, | stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein breakdown |
| Glucocorticoids are produced in the | zona fasciculata, influence protein and fat metabolism, and promote vasoconstriction |
| Prostaglandins | are eicosanoids that act as local hormones in most body tissues. |
| The concentration of calcium ions and phosphates in the blood is regulated by | PTH |
| Which of the following hormones influence metabolism of most somatic cells? | T3 |
| Which of the following are associated with diabetes mellitus? | glycosuria, polyuria, ketosis, and hyperglycemia |
| Which chemical acts both as a neurotransmitter in some locations and as a hormone in other locations? | norepinephrine |
| When an excess of a hormone is present the number of target cell receptors may decrease. This change is called | down-regulation |
| Autocrines are | local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them |
| In the stomach, the release of histamine by mast cells stimulates nearby cells to secrete hydrochloric acid). Histamine can therefore be classified as | a paracrine |
| Eicosanoid hormones are produced in | all cells except red blood cells |
| The ____________ is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems. | hypothalamus |
| Upon entering the blood, steroid and thyroid hormones | attach to specific transport proteins |
| The cell bodies of the axons of the posterior pituitary gland are actually located in the | hypothalamus of the brain |
| Blood passes in a direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through the | hypophyseal portal veins |
| Which endocrine gland is NOT regulated by tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary? | parathyroid gland |
| The most abundant anterior pituitary hormone is | human growth hormone (hGH) |
| Abnormally high levels of which anterior pituitary hormone will lead to hyperglycemia? | human growth hormone |
| The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes | oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone |
| If you drank a liter of water very quickly, the result would be | decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone |
| Abnormally low secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland results in the disease | diabetes insipidis |
| Adrenal hormones useful in treating chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism are | glucocorticoids |
| The release of cortisol is stimulated by | ACTH |
| Type II diabetes most often occurs in humans who are overweight and | over 35 years in age |
| Either a deficiency of insulin production by the pancreas, or defects in insulin receptors on target cells, result in the disease | diabetes mellitus |
| Which hormone is not produced in the male? | relaxin |
| The pineal gland is located in the | brain |
| Jet lag is associated with the changes in secretion of a hormone from the | pineal gland |
| Thyroid hormones are synthesized in thyroglobulin from | iodine and tyrosine |
| The releasing hormones of the hypothalamus responsible for initiating the resistance reaction phase of the GAS are | CRH, TRH, and GHRH |
| Hormone secretion is regulated by all but which of the following? | cerebral spinal fluid changes |
| What does the nervous system and the endocrine system have in common? | Mediators |
| Protein receptors can _______? | Breakdown and build up |
| Down regulation makes hormones ____ | less sensitive |
| Up regulation makes hormones ____ | more sensitive |
| Lipid Soluble | Steroid, Thyroid, and N.O |
| Water Soluble? | Amine, Peptide, Protein, Eicosanid |
| Action of 2 hormones | Permissive |
| Hormones act together for more powerful outcome | Synergistic |
| Chief cells make | PTH |
| Vitamin D | Calitrol |
| Makes Glucagon | Alpha |
| Secretes Insulin | Beta |
| Master Gland | pituitary |
| Inhibits or release | Hypothalamus |
| What makes melatonin | Pineal Gland |
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