Chemistry vocabulary
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| Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
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| Solvent | The component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount. It is the substance in which the solute is dissolved.
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| Solution | A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution may exist in any phase.
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| Aqueous | applied to a solution or mixture in which water is the solvent. When a chemical species has been dissolved in water, this is denoted by writing (aq) after the chemical name.
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| Freezing Point depression | the phenomenon that occurs when the freezing point of a liquid (a solvent) is lowered by adding another compound to it, such that the solution has a lower freezing point than the pure solvent.
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| Boiling Point elevation | occurs when the boiling point of a solvent is increased when another compound is added, such that the solution has a higher boiling point than the pure solvent. Boiling point elevation occurs whenever a non-volatile solute is added to a pure solvent.
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| Saturated | saturated refers to a point of maximum concentration, in which no more solute may be dissolved in a solvent.
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| Unsaturated | being able to dissolve more solute.
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| Supersaturated | the condition in which a liquid has been cooled to a temperature below that at which crystallization normally would occur, without the solid resulting.
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| Distillation | the technique of heating a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid.
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| Filtering | To pass a liquid or gas through a filter.
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| Chromatography | a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency
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| Solubility | the maximum quantity of a substance that may be dissolved in another.
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| Mixture | two or more substances which have been combined such that each substance retains its own chemical identity.
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| Homogeneous | refers to a substance that is consistent or uniform throughout its volume.
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| Heterogeneous | Having a non-uniform composition
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| Suspension | a mixture in which fine particles are suspended in a fluid where they are supported by buoyancy
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| Colloid | type of homogeneous mixture in which the dispersed particles do not settle out.
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| Dissociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves
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| Electrolyte | substance which forms ions in an aqueous solution.
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| Nonelectrolyte | substance that does exist in an ionic form in aqueous solution.
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| Precipitate | separate as a fine suspension of solid particles
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| Ionic equation | An equation that represents all reactants and products that break down into ions in water as their ions.
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| Molecular equation | An equation that represents the reactants and products as if they are intact, undissolved compounds
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| Spectator ion | an ion that appears as both a reactant and a product in an ionic equation
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| Acid | a chemical species that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons.
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| Base | a chemical species that donates electrons or hydroxide ions or that accepts protons.
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| Neutralization | Reaction between an acid and a base which produces a neutral solution
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| Oxidation | the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons
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| Reduction | half-reaction in which a chemical species decreases its oxidation number, usually by gaining electrons.
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| Molarity | the number of moles of solute divided by the number of liters of solution.
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| Molality | equal to the number of moles of solute divided by the number of kilograms of solvent.
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| Dilution | reducing the concentration by the addition of water or a thinner
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| Titration | when one solution is added to another such that it reacts under conditions in which the added volume may be accurately measured.
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| Concentration | the strength of a solution
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