vocabulary words
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| Solute | the substance dissolved in a solution
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| Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution
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| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase
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| Aqueous | any solution in which water is the solvent
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| Freezing point depression | difference between the freezing points of a pure solvent ans a solution of a non-electrolyte in that solvent
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| Boiling Point elevation | the difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a non-electrolyte of that solvent
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| Saturated | solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute
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| Unsaturated | solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions
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| Supersaturated | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions
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| Distillation | technique of heating a liquid to create a vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid
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| Filtering | method of chemical filtering that lowers the carbonate hardness and pH of aquarium water
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| Chromatography | method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemicals
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| Solubility | the amount a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of a solvent at a specified temperature
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| Mixture | a blend of two of more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
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| Homogeneous | having a uniform composition throughout
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| Heterogeneous | not having a uniform composition throughout
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| Suspension | mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated
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| Colloid | a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions
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| Disassociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves
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| Electrolyte | substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
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| Non-electrolyte | substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current
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| Precipitate | solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution
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| Ionic equation | equation that includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution
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| Molecular equation | equation for a chemical reaction in which all formulas are written as if all substances existed as molecules
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| Spectator ion | ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in solution both before and after the reaction
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| Acid | chemical species that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons
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| Base | chemical species that donates electons or hydroxide ions or that accepts protons
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| Neutralization | the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules
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| Oxidation | reaction in which the atoms or ions of an element experience an increase in oxidation state
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| Reduction | reaction in which the oxidation state of an element decreases
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| Molarity | number of moles of solute in one liter of solution
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| Molality | concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
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| Dilution | process of reducing the concentration of a solute and a solution usually simply by mixing with more solvent
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| Titration | controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration
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| Concentration | measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solcent or solution
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