Chapter 17 words
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| atlas | the C1 vertebrae; a ring like structure with no vertebral body and a very short spinous process
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| axis | the C2 vertebrae; the ertebrae on which the atlas rotates so the can turn from side to side
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| dens | a tooth or toothlike structure or process; the odontoid process of the axis
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| facet | the articular surface of interertebral joints; are located oneach of the four articular processes that extend superiorly and inferiorly from the vertebral arch
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| intervertebral disk | a pad of fibrocartilage between vertebral bodies that cushions vertebral motion and absorbs shock
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| kyphotic curve (kyphosis) | a posterior convex curvature of the spine
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| lordotic curve (lordosis) | an anterior convex curvature of the spine
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| scoliosis | an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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| stenosis | narrowing of a passage way, such as an intervertebral foramen narrowing of a passage way, such as an intervertebral foramen
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| vertebral body | the block like anterior portion of the vertebra
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| vertebral foramen | hole in the right of the vertebra that allows passage for the spinal cord
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| vertebral notches | the concave superior and inferior surfaces of the pedicles
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| intervertebral foramina | the spaces formed by joining with the vertebral notches above and below which allows passage of spinal nerves and blood vessels
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| zygapophyseal joints | the process that extends from the verteral that form gliding (diarthroidal) joint
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| nucleus pulposis | soft and pulpy center of the intervertebral disks
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| anulus fibrosis | tough outer covering of the intervertebral disks
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| articular pillar | the bones of the articular process for a column
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| transverse foramen | a hole in the transverse process that form a passage way for artery and veins
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| costal/costoertebra joints | joint that are formed by the facets that articulate with the ribs
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| pars interarticularis | the narrow segment of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes
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| scottie dog | a configuration that is obtained when the lumbar spine is radiographed in the oblique projection correctly
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| alae | the lateral porions of the first sacral segment and are wing like structures
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| coccygeal cornua | two small bony projections extend superiorly the posterior aspect of the coccyx
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| sacral cornua | two bony projections of the extending from the sacrum
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| sacralization of L5 | when one or both of the spinous processes of L5 become fused
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| lumbarization | sixth lumbar vertebra
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| spina bifida | when the posterior portionsof the neural arched fail to cloe during embyonic development
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| spina bifida occulta | when the spina bifida is insignificant and procuces not symptoms
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| spina bifida vera | when the spina bifida defect is quite larger, leaving the cord unprotected
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| compression fracture | when the bone is compresed causing a wedge
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| spondylo | vertebra
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| spondylosis | refers to fixantion or fusion of vertebrae
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| spondylitis (Potts disease) | inflamation of the spine; term is often applied specifically to tuberculosis disease of the vertebrae
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| spondylolysis | the break down of the structure of the bone; occurs with osteoporosies, with somemetastatic lesions andwith other conditions that cause atropy and bony destructive
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| spondylolisthesis | the anterior displacement of one ertebra on anothercommonly a L5-S1 and is caused by a defect or a fracture of the pars interarticularis or the pedicle
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| spondyloschisis | the term for congenital fissure (split or cleft)
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| degernatie disk disease | when joint becomes inflammed and the surrounding bony structures show sclerotic (hardened) irregular bone margins with hypertrophic tipping and spurring
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| disk herniation/herniated nucleous pulposes (HNP) | slipped disk; a condition where the annulus fibrosuses ruptures and the nucleus is forced into the area posterior to the disk space
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