CHAPTER 18
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| The liver plays an important role in the mechanical digestion of lipids because it secretes? | Bile
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| Liver produces 2 of the plasma proteins that play an essential role in blood clotting, what are the 2 proteins> | Prothrombin & Fibrinogen
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| Liver cells store what vitamins? | Vitamins A, D, and Iron
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| What is the unique structure that supplies the liver and allows toxins to be removed from the bloodstream for nutrients? | Hepatic Portal Vein
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| What is used if cells have inadequate amounts of glucose to catabolize? | Fat
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| What is the preferred energy food? | Carbohydrates
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| What is Amino Acids? | Protein
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| Can be fat soluble | Vitamins
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| What is required for Nerve Conduction? | Minerals
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| What is Glycolysis? | Carbohydrate
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| Inorganic elements found in naturally in the earth? | Minerals
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| Glycolysis , Citric Acid, ATP, Bile What does not belong? | Bile - all others refer to carbohydrate metabolism
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| Adipose , Amino Acids , Triglycerides, Lipids What does not belong? | Amino Acids- all others refer to fat metabolism
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| Iron , Proteins , Amino Acids , Essential what does not belong? | Iron - all others refer to protein metabolism
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| Hydrocortisone , Insulin , Growth Hormone, Epinephrine - What does not belong? | Insulin - all others refer to increase in blood glucose
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| Sodium , Calcium , Zinc , Folic Acid What does not belong? | Folic Acid - all others are minerals
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| Thiamine , Niacin , Ascorbic Acid , Riboflavin What does not belong? | Ascorbic Acid - all others refer to the B complex vitamins
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| The rate at which food is catabolized under basal conditions is the? | BMR- Basal Metabolic Rate
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| The total amount of energy used by the body per day is the? | TMR - Total Metabolic Rate
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| Calorie | Is the amount of energy used to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 celsius
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| Sex , Age , Size is a factor when determining? | BMR - Basal Metabolic Rate
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| Exercise, Food Intake, Environmental Temperature is a factor when determining? | TMR - Total Metabolic Rate
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| Insulin deficiency is a symptom of what disorder? | Diabetes Mellitus
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| Behavioral disorder characterized by chronic refusal to eat? | Anorexia Nervosa
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| An advanced form of PCM - Protein Calorie Malnutrition is | Marasmus
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| Results from a deficiency of calories in general and protein in particular | PCM - Protein Calorie Malnutrition
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| Abdominal Bloating | Ascites
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| Symptom of chronic over eating behavior | Obesity
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| Behavioral disorder characterized by insatiable craving for food alternating with periods of self deprivation | Bulimia
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| What % of energy released from food molecules during catabolism is converted to heat rather then being transferred to ATP- Adenosine Triphosohate | 60 %
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| Maintaining thermoregulation is a function of the? | Hypothalamus
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| Transfer of heat to energy to the skin, then the external environmental is known as? | Conduction
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| A flow of heat waves away from the blood is know as? | Radiation
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| Transfer of heat energy to the air that is continually flowing away from the skin is know as? | Convection
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| Heat that is absorbed by the process of water is vaporized is called? | Evaporation
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| What is used to prevent or relieve the effects of frostbite? | Malignant Hyperthermia
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| What is characterized by body temperatures of 41 degrees C" or higher? | Heat Stroke
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| What causes local damage to tissues caused by extremely low temperatures? | Frostbite
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| What causes the thermostatic control centers of the hypothalamus to produce a fever? | Pyrogens
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| what is the inability to maintain a normal body temperature in extremely cold environments? | Hypothermia
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| Citric acid cycle changes to acetyl CoA to | Carbon Dioxide
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| Anabolism of glucose produces? | Glycogen
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| A major hormone in the that aids carbohydrate metabolism is | Insulin
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| Total Metabolic Rate - TMR | The amount of energy expressed in calories used by the body in one day
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| When your consumption of calories equals your TMR (total metabolic rate), your weight will? | Remain the same
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| Normal Glucose Level? | 80-120 mg / 100 mL Blood
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| When glucose is not available the will next catabolize what energy source? | Fats
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| Maintaining the homeostasis of body temperature is the responsibility of the | Hypothalamus
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| The liver plays an important role in the mechanical digestion of lipids because it secretes? | Bile
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| What is the primary molecule the body usually breaks down as an energy source? | Glucose
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| Proper nutrition requires the balance of what 3 basic food types? | Carbohydrates, Fats, & Proteins
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| Process that changes glucose to pyruvic acid is called? | Glycolysis
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| What is the reaction to the process of which pyruvic acid is changed to carbon dioxide | Citric Acid Cycle
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| A direct source of energy for doing cellular work is? | ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
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| What is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels? | Insulin
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| Organic molecules needed in small amounts for normal metabolism | Vitamins
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| 2 minerals necessary for nerve conduction and contraction of muscle fibers are? | Calcium & Sodium
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| "USE OF FOODS" is known as? | Metabolism
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| Avitaminosis | Condition that results in the development of scurvy
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| Hypervitaminosis | A vitamin excess, usually involving fat soluble vitamins
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| Anorexia Nervosa | Behavioral disorder characterized by chronic refusal to eat
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| Bulimia | Behavioral disorder characterized by insatiable cravings for food, alternating with self deprivation; may include food binges
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| Marasmus | Type of malnutrition that results from overall lack of calories
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| Kwashiorkor | Type of malnutrition that results from lack of protein with sufficient total calorie intake
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| Malignant Hyperthermia | Increased body temperature caused by exposure to anesthetics
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| Heat Exhaustion | Overheating problem in which the body is dehydrated but the body temperature is normal
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| Heat Stroke | Overheating problem in which the body temperature can be as high as 105 f, potentially life threatening
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| Hypothermia | A body temperature lower then 95 F
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| Frostbite | Local tissue damage caused by ice crystals forming in the cells
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| Glycolysis | The part of the carbohydrate metabolism that does not require oxygen
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