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NUTRITION AND METABL
CHAPTER 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The liver plays an important role in the mechanical digestion of lipids because it secretes? | Bile |
| Liver produces 2 of the plasma proteins that play an essential role in blood clotting, what are the 2 proteins> | Prothrombin & Fibrinogen |
| Liver cells store what vitamins? | Vitamins A, D, and Iron |
| What is the unique structure that supplies the liver and allows toxins to be removed from the bloodstream for nutrients? | Hepatic Portal Vein |
| What is used if cells have inadequate amounts of glucose to catabolize? | Fat |
| What is the preferred energy food? | Carbohydrates |
| What is Amino Acids? | Protein |
| Can be fat soluble | Vitamins |
| What is required for Nerve Conduction? | Minerals |
| What is Glycolysis? | Carbohydrate |
| Inorganic elements found in naturally in the earth? | Minerals |
| Glycolysis , Citric Acid, ATP, Bile What does not belong? | Bile - all others refer to carbohydrate metabolism |
| Adipose , Amino Acids , Triglycerides, Lipids What does not belong? | Amino Acids- all others refer to fat metabolism |
| Iron , Proteins , Amino Acids , Essential what does not belong? | Iron - all others refer to protein metabolism |
| Hydrocortisone , Insulin , Growth Hormone, Epinephrine - What does not belong? | Insulin - all others refer to increase in blood glucose |
| Sodium , Calcium , Zinc , Folic Acid What does not belong? | Folic Acid - all others are minerals |
| Thiamine , Niacin , Ascorbic Acid , Riboflavin What does not belong? | Ascorbic Acid - all others refer to the B complex vitamins |
| The rate at which food is catabolized under basal conditions is the? | BMR- Basal Metabolic Rate |
| The total amount of energy used by the body per day is the? | TMR - Total Metabolic Rate |
| Calorie | Is the amount of energy used to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 celsius |
| Sex , Age , Size is a factor when determining? | BMR - Basal Metabolic Rate |
| Exercise, Food Intake, Environmental Temperature is a factor when determining? | TMR - Total Metabolic Rate |
| Insulin deficiency is a symptom of what disorder? | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Behavioral disorder characterized by chronic refusal to eat? | Anorexia Nervosa |
| An advanced form of PCM - Protein Calorie Malnutrition is | Marasmus |
| Results from a deficiency of calories in general and protein in particular | PCM - Protein Calorie Malnutrition |
| Abdominal Bloating | Ascites |
| Symptom of chronic over eating behavior | Obesity |
| Behavioral disorder characterized by insatiable craving for food alternating with periods of self deprivation | Bulimia |
| What % of energy released from food molecules during catabolism is converted to heat rather then being transferred to ATP- Adenosine Triphosohate | 60 % |
| Maintaining thermoregulation is a function of the? | Hypothalamus |
| Transfer of heat to energy to the skin, then the external environmental is known as? | Conduction |
| A flow of heat waves away from the blood is know as? | Radiation |
| Transfer of heat energy to the air that is continually flowing away from the skin is know as? | Convection |
| Heat that is absorbed by the process of water is vaporized is called? | Evaporation |
| What is used to prevent or relieve the effects of frostbite? | Malignant Hyperthermia |
| What is characterized by body temperatures of 41 degrees C" or higher? | Heat Stroke |
| What causes local damage to tissues caused by extremely low temperatures? | Frostbite |
| What causes the thermostatic control centers of the hypothalamus to produce a fever? | Pyrogens |
| what is the inability to maintain a normal body temperature in extremely cold environments? | Hypothermia |
| Citric acid cycle changes to acetyl CoA to | Carbon Dioxide |
| Anabolism of glucose produces? | Glycogen |
| A major hormone in the that aids carbohydrate metabolism is | Insulin |
| Total Metabolic Rate - TMR | The amount of energy expressed in calories used by the body in one day |
| When your consumption of calories equals your TMR (total metabolic rate), your weight will? | Remain the same |
| Normal Glucose Level? | 80-120 mg / 100 mL Blood |
| When glucose is not available the will next catabolize what energy source? | Fats |
| Maintaining the homeostasis of body temperature is the responsibility of the | Hypothalamus |
| The liver plays an important role in the mechanical digestion of lipids because it secretes? | Bile |
| What is the primary molecule the body usually breaks down as an energy source? | Glucose |
| Proper nutrition requires the balance of what 3 basic food types? | Carbohydrates, Fats, & Proteins |
| Process that changes glucose to pyruvic acid is called? | Glycolysis |
| What is the reaction to the process of which pyruvic acid is changed to carbon dioxide | Citric Acid Cycle |
| A direct source of energy for doing cellular work is? | ATP Adenosine Triphosphate |
| What is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels? | Insulin |
| Organic molecules needed in small amounts for normal metabolism | Vitamins |
| 2 minerals necessary for nerve conduction and contraction of muscle fibers are? | Calcium & Sodium |
| "USE OF FOODS" is known as? | Metabolism |
| Avitaminosis | Condition that results in the development of scurvy |
| Hypervitaminosis | A vitamin excess, usually involving fat soluble vitamins |
| Anorexia Nervosa | Behavioral disorder characterized by chronic refusal to eat |
| Bulimia | Behavioral disorder characterized by insatiable cravings for food, alternating with self deprivation; may include food binges |
| Marasmus | Type of malnutrition that results from overall lack of calories |
| Kwashiorkor | Type of malnutrition that results from lack of protein with sufficient total calorie intake |
| Malignant Hyperthermia | Increased body temperature caused by exposure to anesthetics |
| Heat Exhaustion | Overheating problem in which the body is dehydrated but the body temperature is normal |
| Heat Stroke | Overheating problem in which the body temperature can be as high as 105 f, potentially life threatening |
| Hypothermia | A body temperature lower then 95 F |
| Frostbite | Local tissue damage caused by ice crystals forming in the cells |
| Glycolysis | The part of the carbohydrate metabolism that does not require oxygen |
Created by:
RaineMoore