Glossary Chapter 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Acid | a substance that produces H+ ions (protons) when it is dissolved in water; a proton donor
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| aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the dissolving medium or solvent
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| Base | a proton acceptor
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| complete ionic equation | an equation that shows all substances that are strong electrolytes as ions
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| Dilution | the process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution
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| electrical conductivity | the ability to conduct an electrical current
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| Endpoint | the point in a titration at which the indicator changes color
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| formula equation | an equation representing a reaction in solution showing the reactants and products in undissociated form
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| Hydration | the interaction between solute particles and water molecules
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| Indicator | a chemical that changes color and is used to mark the end point of a titration
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| Molarity | moles of solute per volume of solution in liters
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| net ionic equation | an equation for a reaction in solution
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| neutralization reaction | an acid–base reaction
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| Nonelectrolyte | a substance that
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| Oxidation | an increase in oxidation state (a loss of electrons)
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| oxidation state | a concept that provides a way to keep track of electrons in oxidation–reduction reactions according to certain rules
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| oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction | a reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred
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| oxidizing agent (electron acceptor) | a reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant
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| polar molecule | a molecule that has a permanent dipole moment -- that is
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| Precipitate | the solid that forms in a precipitation reaction
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| precipitation reaction | a reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution
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| reducing agent (electron donor) | a reactant that donates electrons to another substance to reduce the oxidation state of one of its atoms
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| Reduction | a decrease in oxidation state (a gain of electrons)
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| Solubility | the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature
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| Solute | a substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
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| Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution
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| spectator ions | ions present in solution that do not participate directly in a reaction
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| standard solution | a solution whose concentration is accurately known
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| stoichiometric (equivalence) point | the point in a titration when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution being titrated
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| strong acid | an acid that completely dissociates to produce an H+ ion and the conjugate base
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| strong base | soluble ionic compounds containing the hydroxide ion (OH-) that
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| strong electrolyte | a material that
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| Titration | delivery of a measured volume of a solution of known concentration into a solution containing a substance being analyzed
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| volumetric analysis | a technique for determining the amount of a certain substance by doing a titration
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| weak acid | an acid that dissociates (ionizes) only to a slight extent in aqueous solutions
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| weak base | a base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solution
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| weak electrolyte | a material that
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