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Chapter 4-glossary
Glossary Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acid | a substance that produces H+ ions (protons) when it is dissolved in water; a proton donor |
| aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the dissolving medium or solvent |
| Base | a proton acceptor |
| complete ionic equation | an equation that shows all substances that are strong electrolytes as ions |
| Dilution | the process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution |
| electrical conductivity | the ability to conduct an electrical current |
| Endpoint | the point in a titration at which the indicator changes color |
| formula equation | an equation representing a reaction in solution showing the reactants and products in undissociated form |
| Hydration | the interaction between solute particles and water molecules |
| Indicator | a chemical that changes color and is used to mark the end point of a titration |
| Molarity | moles of solute per volume of solution in liters |
| net ionic equation | an equation for a reaction in solution |
| neutralization reaction | an acid–base reaction |
| Nonelectrolyte | a substance that |
| Oxidation | an increase in oxidation state (a loss of electrons) |
| oxidation state | a concept that provides a way to keep track of electrons in oxidation–reduction reactions according to certain rules |
| oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction | a reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred |
| oxidizing agent (electron acceptor) | a reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant |
| polar molecule | a molecule that has a permanent dipole moment -- that is |
| Precipitate | the solid that forms in a precipitation reaction |
| precipitation reaction | a reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution |
| reducing agent (electron donor) | a reactant that donates electrons to another substance to reduce the oxidation state of one of its atoms |
| Reduction | a decrease in oxidation state (a gain of electrons) |
| Solubility | the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature |
| Solute | a substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution |
| Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution |
| spectator ions | ions present in solution that do not participate directly in a reaction |
| standard solution | a solution whose concentration is accurately known |
| stoichiometric (equivalence) point | the point in a titration when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution being titrated |
| strong acid | an acid that completely dissociates to produce an H+ ion and the conjugate base |
| strong base | soluble ionic compounds containing the hydroxide ion (OH-) that |
| strong electrolyte | a material that |
| Titration | delivery of a measured volume of a solution of known concentration into a solution containing a substance being analyzed |
| volumetric analysis | a technique for determining the amount of a certain substance by doing a titration |
| weak acid | an acid that dissociates (ionizes) only to a slight extent in aqueous solutions |
| weak base | a base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solution |
| weak electrolyte | a material that |
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