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pain management

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Question
Answer
physiologic pain   show
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neuropathic pain   show
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four processes involved in nociception   show
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gate control theory   show
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clinical application of gate control theory   show
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factors affecting perception of pain   show
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show comprehensive pain history includes COLDERR -Charater -Onset -Location -Duration -Exacerbation -Relief -Radiation  
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additional data   show
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show nonverbal responses to pain -facial expression -vocalizations like moaning and groaning or crying and screaming -immobilization of the body or body part -purposeless body movements -behavior changes such as confusion and restlessness  
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show rhythmic body movements or rubbing EARLY PHYSIOLOGIC responses: -increased BP, HR, RR -pallar -diaphoresis -pupil dilation -may be absent in people with chronic pain pain diary  
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treatment plan   show
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practice guidelines   show
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show align pain relief measures with report of pain severity encourage client to try ineffective measures again before abandoning maintain unbiased attitude about what may relieve pain keep trying prevent harm educate client and caregiver about pain  
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pain treatment plan   show
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barriers to effective plan management   show
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show primary, chronic, neurobiolic disease genetic, psychosocial, and environment are influential factors behavior can include -impaired control over drug use -compulsive use -craving -continued use despite harm  
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show state of adaptation manifested by withdrawal syndrome produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decrease blood level of the drug and administration of an antagonist  
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show state of adaptation exposure to a drug induces changes result in a diminution of one or more of the drugs effects  
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show -opiods (narcotics -nonopioids/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) -co-analgesic drugs  
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opiods   show
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opiods   show
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NSAIDS   show
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coanalgesic drugs   show
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show step 1 -for clients with mild pain (1-3 on a 0-10 scale) -use of nonopiod analgesics (with or without a coanalgesic)  
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show step 2 -client has mild pain that persists or increases -pain is moderate (4-6 pain scale) -use weak opioid (Codeine, tramadal, pentazocine) or a combination of opioid and nonopioid medication  
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WHO ladder step approach for cancer pain control   show
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rational polypharmacy   show
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rational polypharmacy   show
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oral administration   show
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show transmucosa and transnasal -enters blood immediately -onset of action is rapid transdermal -can be unpredictable dosing and plasma drug level -noninvasive  
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show rectal -useful for clients with dysphagia or nausea/vomiting continuous subcutaneous infusion -uses for pain poorly controlled by oral medication  
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medication administration   show
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show intraspinal -provides superior analgesia with less medication used  
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belefits/risk routes and technology   show
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nonpharmacologic pain control interventions   show
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show -cutaneous stimulation -immobilizationor therapeutic exercises -transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TENS  
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show -providing comfort -eliciting relaxation response -repatterning thinking -facilitating coping with emotions  
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lifestyle management   show
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show -feel part of a community -bond with universe -religious activities  
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nonpharmacologic invasive techniques   show
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show  
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