Psych Pharm Exam
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| Benzodiazepines Drugs | Diazepam (Valium), Alprazolam (Xanax), Clonazepam (Klonopin), Lorazepam (Ativan)
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| Diazepam (Valium) doses | 2-10mg BID-QID
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| Clonazepam (Klonopin)doses | .5-2.0mg up to 3mg per day in divided doses
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| Alprazolam (Xanax)doses | .25-2mg per day
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| Lorazepam (Ativan)doses | .5-2mg up to 6mg per day in divided doses
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| Benzodiazepines Chemical Action | They potentiate and intensify the action of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter)
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| Benzodiazepines Side Effects | Drowsiness, confusion, lethargy, dry mouth, CNS depression, Altered sleep pattern, paradoxical excitement
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| Benzodiazepines Teaching | take with snack or meals to decrease risk of GI upset, do not use alcohol, avoid hazardous activity, cautious in elderly, dont d/c abrubtly
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| Nonbenzodiazepine drug, doses, chemical action, side effects | Buspirone (Buspar) 15-60 mg/day on scheduled dose, 5 HT1 serotonin partial agonist, nausea, dizziness, HA, light-headedness, excitement
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| SSRIs drugs, chemical action | Paroxetine (Paxil), Fluvoxamine (Luvox), 5 HT serotonin reuptake inhibitor
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| SSRIs Side effects | may increase suicide risk, may effect blood platelets causing bleeding, anxiety, nervousness, irritability, insomnia, somnolence, HA, drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, sexual dys, tremors, sweating, GI upset, loss of appetite, occasional EPS
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| Traditional Antipsychotics drugs | Treats positive symptoms of schizoprenia, dopamine receptor antagonist, binds to D2 receptors, Chlorpromazine (thorazine), Haloperidol (Haldol)
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| Chlorpromazine (thorazine) side effects | low potency neuroleptic, older medication that not used often, Side effects: decrease seizure threshold, increased sedation, EPS symptoms but fewer, amenorrhea, increased prolactin
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| Haloperidol (Haldol side effects | high potency neuroleptic, oral or injectable (decanoate), used with assaultive elderly due to less orthostatic hypotension, decreases seizure threshold, low anticholinergic side effects, high incidence of EPS
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| EPS side effects | Acute dystonia, Akathisia, Pseudoparkinsonism, Tardive dyskinesia Use AIMS scale to assess
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| Acute dystonia | muscle stiffness, muscle spasms in neck, eyes, cramps of the head and neck
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| Akathisia | restlessness with pacing, fidgeting, or rocking
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| Pseudoparkinsonism | loss of facial movement, mask like facies, shuffling gait, monotonous speech, pill rolling, drooling
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| Tardive dyskinesia | protruding and rolling tongue, smacking, licking, spastic facial distortions, choreic movements rapid purposeless, athetoid movements slow complex and serpentine like
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| Other side effects with antipsychotic medications- | photosensitivity, endocrine changes (breast enlargement galactorrhea, or loss of libido, increased weight, NMS
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| NMS Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (somewhat rare and potentially fatal) | Severe muscle rigidity, oculogyric crisis, dysphagia, cogwheeling, hyperpyrexia/hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, incontinence
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| Atypical drugs | treats positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, decreases symptoms of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, improve neurocognitive, weak blocker of d2 receptors, low risk EPS, Clozapine (Clozaril)Risperidone (Risperdal)
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| Clozapine (Clozaril) | strong blocker 5HT2 serotonin receptors-weight gain, hypotension, sexual dys, high anticholinergic, first atypical, last resort, increased incidence of seizure, suppress bone marrow, increased incidence of agranulocytosis WBC weekly
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| Risperidone (Risperdal)+deconate | High affinity for 5HT2 serotonin receptors, blocks norepinephrine and h1 histamine receptors causing orthostatic hypotension, better tolerated, low anticholinergic, adverse insomnia, sedation, sexual dys, weight gain, rare NMS
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| Antidepressant drugs | Tricyclics (Tofranil, Norpramine, Elavil), SSRIs (Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft), MAOIs (Nardil), Atypical (Celexa)
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| Tricyclics | Anticholinergic side effects, possible cardiac side effects, weight gain, decreased libido
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| SSRIs | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, blocks the neuronal uptake of serotonin, first line antidepressant, lower anticholinergic, decreased cardiotoxicity, faster onset, assists anxious features, psychomotor agitation
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| SSRIs side effects continued | sleep disturbance, agitation, anxiety, tremor, sexual dys, sweating, nausea, GI upset, weight change, headache, Serious Abdominal pain, fever with sweating, tachycardia, increased bp, altered mental state, increased motor activity, cardiotoxicity, death
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| MAOI Monoamine oxidase inhibitor | inhibits enzyme monoamine oxidase which results in increase in concentration of epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, secord or third line, fewer SE, stop gradually, treats bulimia, PTSD, panic disorder
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| MAOI side effects continued | dizziness, headache, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, nausea, disturbances in cardiac rate and rhythm, hypertensive crisis, tyramine free diet
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| tyramine free diet | yeast,beans,pickled,sauerkraut, bananas,figs,raisins,cheese, yogurt,liver,smoked salmon,snails,chocolate,licorice, soy sauce,beer,coffee,tea, wine,OTC drugs colds, allergies,congestion,narcotics, antihypertensives, sedatives, stimulants, anesthetics
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| Neurontin (gabapentin) | anticonvulsants, affects transport of amino acids, side effects: confusion, depression, drowsiness, ataxia
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| Depakote (valproates) | increase levels of GABA, decreased manic episodes,migraines, side effects: agitation, dizziness, headache, insomnia, sedation, visual disturbances, abd pain, anorexia, diarrhea, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, tremor
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| Aricept (donepezil) | cholinergis, cholinesterase inhibitor, anti alzheimer, makes more acetylcholine available, side effects: headache, diarrhea, nausea
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| Lithium | mood stabilizer,manic depressive, side effects: fatigue, headache, impaired memory, ECG changes, abd pain, anorexia, bloating, diarrhea, nausea, polyuria, hypothyroidism, leukocytosis, muscle weakness, tremors
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| lithium toxicity | evaluate renal and thyroid function WBC electrolyte monitoring, S & S toxicity- vomiting, diarrhea, slurred speech, decreased coordination, drowsiness, muscle weakness, twitching
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| Ritalin | adhd, narcolepsy, CNS and respiratory stimulation, side effects- hyperactivity, insomnia, restlessness, tremor, hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia, anorexia
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| Cymbalta | antidepressant, SSNRIs selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, side effects: fatigue, drowsiness, insomnia, decreased appetite, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, dysuria, increased sweating
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| Effexor | antidepressants, antianxiety, major depressive, inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, side effects: abnormal dreams,anxiety,dizziness, headache,insomnia,nervous,weak, rhinitis,vis dist,abd pain, altered taste,anorexia,n & v
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| Exelon | cholinesterase inhibitor, improves function of nerve cells, prevents breakdown of acetylcholine, alzheimers, parkinsons, dementia, side effect- headache, joint pain, weight loss, weakness, cough, runny nose, increased sweating, insomnia
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| ReVia | substance dependence, withdrawal substitution, special narcotic drug that blocks the effects of other narcotic medicines and alcohol, treat addiction, Side effects: ringing in ears, anxious, increased thirst, lightheaded, weakness, joint pain, rash
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| Methadone | narcotic pain reliever, reduces withdrawal symptoms, heroine, side effects: shallow breathing, hallucinations, chest pain, trouble breathing, anxious, insomnia, dry mouth, weak, drowsy, decreased sex drive
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| Antabuse | interferes with the metabolism of alcohol, side effects: rash, acne, headaches, impotence, tired, metallic taste in mouth, swollen sore throat, tongue, dark urine, jaundice, seizures
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| Luvox | antidepressant, ocd, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, side effects: nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, fever, chills, rapid heart rate, shallow respirations, headache, insomnia
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| anafranil | ocd, tricyclic antidepressant, side effects: nausea, vomiting, sweating, increased heart rate, insomnia
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| Benadryl, Artane, Cogentin | antiparkinsonian medications, alters unusual nerve impulses and relaxes stiff muscles side effects: nausea, vomiting, light headed, headache, insomnia, increased thirst, urination, increases and prolongs dopamine correcting neurotransmitter imbalances
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| seroquel | antipsychotic,atypical, schizophrenia,bipolar,major depressive,side effects: thoughts of suicide,stiff muscles,fever,sweating, confusion,tachycardia,fruity breath odor,increased thirst, urination,halos around lights, nausea,vomiting,white patches in mouth
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| phenothiazines | A group of antipsychotic drugs that relieve symptoms such as confusion, withdrawal, hallucinations, and delusions. A class of drugs including prochlorperazine (Compazine), chlorpromazine (Thorazine), and many others, used to treat nausea or psychosis.
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| neuroleptics | psychotropic drugs used to treat schizophrenia, also a tranquilizing effect, suppressing anxiety, anti-emetic effect,called "powerful tranquilizers",antagonists of dopamine,in the brain, strongly suppress occurrence of events connected w schizophrenia
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| benzodiazepines | A group of medications used to treat anxiety and muscle spasms. These medications, including Xanax®, Valium® and Klonopin®, are sometimes prescribed for IC symptoms. Side effects include drowsiness and loss of coordination
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| aripiprazole (Abilify) | Treat symptoms of schizophrenia, positive and negative symptoms, weak stimulator dopamine D2 receptors to modulate levels of dopamine, serotonin antagonist, anticholinergic side effects, no weight gain, no glucose or cholesterol changes
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| bupropion (wellbutrin) | treatment of depression, blocks reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, no anticholinergic se, constipation, weight gain, etc, if over 150mcg increased risk for seizures
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| Buspar | management of anxiety, may exert as dopamine antagonist, may effect serotonin receptors, No MAOIs, does not cause sedation, not addictive
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| Diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan) | antianxiety, benzodiazepine, increase action of gaba, caution with elderly
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| Fluoxetine (Prozac) | SSRI, atypical antidepressant, bulemia, OCD, pottent erotonin reuptake inhibitor, given in morning, nausea, vomiting, constipation, urinary frequency, etc
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| Imipramine (tofranil) | tricyclic antidepressant, OCD, bulimia, block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, NO MAOI, could cause death
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| Lamictal | lamotrigine, antiseizure, bipolar disease, effects sodium channels,
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| olanzapine (Zyprexa) | first line treatment schizophrenia, positive and negative symptoms, blocks serotonin receptors and d2receptors, low anticholinergic se
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| phenelzine (Nardil) | MAOI, atypical depression, agoraphobia, hypochondriasis, panic disorders, inhibition of MAO, increases epinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, certain foods and cold stuff prohibited, coma death, tyramine free diet, hypertensive crisis
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| trazadone | sleep inducer/tricyclic
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