Facial bones
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| Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the Facial Bones? | Perpendicular and entering the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone, halfway between the outer canthus and the EAM
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| Which line is Parallel to the transverse plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the Facial Bones? | IOML
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| What does the Lateral projection of the Facial Bones show? | All facial bones in their entirety with the zygomatic bone in the center
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| What other name does the Parietoacanthial Projection have? | Waters Method
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| Where is the CR directed for a Waters method? | Exits the Acanthion
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| What is the degree of angle the OML forms with the plane of the IR when doing a Waters view? | 37 degrees
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| What line will be almost perpendicular to the plane of the IR when doing a Waters view? | MML
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| Which plane is perpendicular to the IR for a Waters view? | MSP
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| Where should the IR be centered for a Waters view? | Acanthion
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| What structures will be seen on a Waters projection of the Facial Bones? | Petrous ridges projected immediately below the Maxillary Sinuses, Maxillary Sinuses, Orbits, Zygomatic Arches and Maxilla
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| What part of the patients head will be placed on the IR for a Waters view? | Chin
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| When doing a Modified Waters, the OML is adjusted to form an angle of ______ degrees with the plane of the IR? | 55
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| Where are the Petrous Ridges projected on a Modified Waters View? | Just below the inferior border of the Orbits, midway through the Maxillary Sinuses
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| What does the Modified Waters demonstrate better than the origional Waters? | Blow out fractures
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| What line is perpendicular to the IR for a Reverse Waters view? | MML
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| When is the Reverse Waters view done? | Trauma, or when the patient can not set up or turn over on their stomach
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| What is the degree of angulation of the CR for a Reverse Waters view? | 0, Perpendicular
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| When would you angle the CR for a Reverse Waters view? | Trauma
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| Where does the CR exit on a Caldwell projection of the Facial Bones? | Nasion
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| What is the degree of angulation of the CR and in what direction for the Caldwell Facial Bones projection? | 15 degrees, Caudad
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| On a Lateral projection of Nasal Bones, what line is parallel to the transverse plane of the IR? | IOML
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| What line is perpendicular to the plane of the IR for Lateral Nasal Bones? | IP
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| Where does the CR enter on a Lateral view of the Nasal Bones? | Perpendicular to the bridge of the nose and at a point 1/2 in distal to the Nasion
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| Why do both Laterals for Nasal Bones? | Comparasion
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| Where does the CR enter on an SMV projection of the Zygomatic Arches? | Perpendicular to the IOML and entering the MSP of the throat approx. 1 in posterior to the Outer Canthi
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| How do you position the patients head for an SMV of the Zygomatic Arches? | Hyperextend neck completely so that the IOML is nearly parallel to the IR; Vertex of skull is placed on IR
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| What structures will be shown on the SMV projection of the Zygomatic Arches? | Both Zygomatic Arches free of overlying structures; Symetric without foreshortening with no rotation
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| What types of film can be used to image the nasal bones? | Occlusal and Regular film
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| What projections of the Zygomatic Arches will demonstrate both arches on the same film? | AP Axial(modified townes) and SMV
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| What projection of the Zygomatic arches is similiar to the Tangential projection? | SMV
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| What line is parallel to the IR on a Tangential projection of the Zygomatic arches? | IOML
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| What degree is the MSP of the patients head rotated and in what direction, for the tangential projection? | 15 degrees towards the affected side
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| What direction is the top of the patients head tilted and how many degrees, for the Tangential projection? | Away from the side being examined, 15 degrees
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| Where is the CR directed for the Tangential projection of the Zygomatic arches? | Perpendicular to the IOML and centered to the Zygomatic arch at a point approximately 1in posterior to the outer canthus
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| What is the main reason a Tangential projection is done for the Zygomatic arches? | Depressed fractures of the arch or flat cheekbones
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| When doing an AP Axial projection of the Zygomatic arches, what line is perpendicular to the IR? | OML
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| Where is the CR directed for a Modified Townes projection of the Zygomatic arches? | Glabella
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| What is the degree of angulation for the Zygomatic arches if the IOML is used and in what direction for the Townes method? | 37 degrees, Caudad
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| What part of the patients face is touching the IR for a PA projection of the Mandibular Rami? | Nose and Forehead
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| What line will be perpendicular to the IR for a PA projection of the Rami? | OML
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| Where is the CR directed for a PA projection of the Rami? | Exit the Acanthion
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| What projection of the mandubilar rami is angled 20-25 degrees cephalad and exits the acanthion? | PA Axial projection of mandibular rami
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| In the PA Axial projection of the mandibular rami, what line is perpendicular to the IR? | OML
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| In the PA projection of the mandibular body, where is the CR directed? | Perpendicular to the level of the lips
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| What line is perpendicular to the IR on a PA mandibular body projection? | AML
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| On a PA Axial projection of the mandibular body, what is the degree of angle and in which direction does the CR enter? | 30 degrees, cephalad
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| Where is the CR directed on the PA axial mandibular body projection? | Midway between the TMJ's
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| What line is perpendicular to the IR on the PA Axial mandibular body projection? | AML
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| On an Axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible,the head is in a _________ position and the _______ line is perpendicular to the IR. | Lateral, IP
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| What part of the mandible is parallel with the transverse axis of the IR on an Axiolateral Oblique? | The mandibular body
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| The CR is directed _____ degrees, __________ to pass through the mandibular region of interest on all mandibular axiolateral images. | 25, cephalad
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| For an Axiolateral Oblique of the mandibulal ramus, the head is to be in what position? | True lateral
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| For an Axiolateral Oblique of the manbilular body, the head is in what position? | Laterally and rotated 30 degrees towards the IR
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| For an Axiolateral Oblique of the Mandibular symphysis, the head is in what position? | Laterally and rotated 45 degrees towards the IR
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| What projection of the mandible shows the neck the best? | Axiolateral Oblique
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| Where does the CR enter on an SMV projection of the mandible? | Centered between the angles of the mandible
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| On an AP Axial projection of the TMJ'S, what direction and to what degree is CR angled? | 35 degrees, caudad
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| Where is the CR directed on an AP Axial projection of the TMJ's? | Midway between the TMJ's and 3 in above the nasion
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| What line is perpendicular to the IR on an AP Axial of the TMJ's? | OML
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| On an Axiolateral of the TMJ'S, the MSP is ________, and the IP is __________ to the IR. | Parallel, perpendicular
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| Where does the CR enter on an Axiolateral projection of the TMJ's? | 1/2 in anterior to the EAM, and 2 in superior to the upside EAM
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| What position is the head in for the Axiolateral TMJ? | Lateral
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| In an Axiolateral Oblique of the TMJ's, the CR is directed in what direction and what angle? | Caudad, 15 degrees
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| The ______ is parallel with the transverse plane of the IR, on an Oblique TMJ. | AML
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| The MSP of the head is rotated _____ degrees towards the IR on the Oblique TMJ. | 15
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| The CR is centered ____ in anterior to the EAM for the Oblique TMJ's. | 1/2
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| The CR is directed _____degrees _______, exiting the TMJ closest to the IR and enters _____inches superior to the ______. | 15, Caudad, 1 1/2, EAM
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| What projections of the mandibular rami will show medial or lateral displacement of fractures? | PA, PA Axial
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