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Hip, knee, & ankle muscles

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Muscle
Origin - O
Insertion - I
Action - A
Nerve - N
How many jts.
Where Located
Iliopsoas   Iliac fossa, & anterior & lateral surfaces of T12-L5   Lesser trochanter of femur   Hip flexion   Femoral Nerve (L2,L3)Psoas Major (L2,L3)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Pectineus   Superior ramus of pubis   Pectineal line of the femur   Hip flexion & adduction   Femoral Nerve (L2,L3,L4)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Rectus Femoris   AIIS   Tibial tuberosity   Hip flexion & knee extension   Femoral Nerve (L2,L3,L4)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Anterior, Quadricep  
🗑
Sartorius   Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)   Proximal medial aspect of the tibia   Hip flexion, hip abduction, lateral rotation & knee flexion (tailors muscle)   Femoral Nerve (L2,L3)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Hip  
🗑
Tensor Fascia Latae   Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)   Lateral condyle of tibia   Combined hip flexion & abduction   Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4,L5)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Hip  
🗑
Biceps Femoris (long head)   Ishial tuberosity   Fibular head   Extend hip & flex knee   Sciatic Nerve (S1,S2,S3)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Posterior, Hip, Hamstring  
🗑
Semimembranosus   Ishial tuberosity   Posterior surface of the medial condyle of tibia   Extend hip & flex knee   Sciatic Nerve (L5,S1,S2)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Posterior, Hip, Hamstring  
🗑
Semitendinosus   Ishial tuberosity   Anteromedial surface of proximal tibia   Extend hip & flex knee   Sciatic Nerve (L5,S1,S2)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Posterior, Hip, Hamstring  
🗑
Gluteus Maximus   Posterior sacrum & ilium   Posterior femur distal to greater trochanter & to iliotibial band   Hip extention, hyperextension & lateral rotation   Inferior Gluteal Nerve   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Piriformis   Posterior sacrum, ischium, & pubis   Greater trochanter area   Hip lateral rotation   Anterior rami (S1,S2)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Quadratus Femoris   Posterior sacrum, ischium, & pubis   Greater trochanter area   Hip lateral rotation   Nerve to the Quadratus Femoris (L5,S1)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Obturator Internus   Posterior sacrum, ischium, & pubis   Greater trochanter area   Hip lateral rotation   Nerve to the Oberator Internus (L5,S1)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Obturator Externus   Posterior sacrum, ischium, & pubis   Greater trochanter area   Hip lateral rotation   Obturator Nerve (L3,L4)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Gemellus Superios   Posterior sacrum, ischium, & pubis   Greater trochanter area   Hip lateral rotation   Nerve to the Obturator Internus (L5,S1)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Gemellus Inferior   Posterior sacrum, ischium, & pubis   Greater trochanter area   Hip lateral rotation   Nerve to the Quadratus Femoris (L5,S1)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Adductor longus   Pubis   Middle third of the linea aspera   Hip Adduction   Obturator Nerve (L3,L4)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Adductor Brevis   Pubis   Pectineal line & Proximal linea aspera   Hip Adduction   Obturator Nerve (L3,L4)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Adductor Mangus   Ischium & Pubis   Entire linea aspera & adductor tubercle   Hip Adduction   Obturator & Sciatic Nerves (L3,L4)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Gracilis   Pubis   Anterior medial surface of the proximal end of the tibia   Hip Adduction   Obturator Nerve (L2,L3)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Hip  
🗑
Gluteus Medius   Outer surface of the ilium   Lateral surface of the greater trochanter   Hip abduction   Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4,L5,S1)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Gluteus Minimus   Lateral Ilium   Anterior surface of the greater trochanter   Hip abduction & medial rotation   Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4,L5,S1)   One Joint, Hip   Hip  
🗑
Biceps Femoris (short head)   Lateral lip of linea aspera of the femur   Fibular head   Flex knee   Common Peroneal Nerve (L5,S1,S2)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Posterior, Hip, Hamstring  
🗑
Vastus Lateralis   Linea aspera   Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon   Knee extension   Femoral Nerve (L2,L3,L4)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Anterior, Knee, Quadricep  
🗑
Vastus Medialis   Linea aspera   Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon   Knee extension   Femoral Nerve (L2,L3,L4)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Anterior, Knee, Quadricep  
🗑
Vastus Intermedialis   Anterior femur   Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon   Knee extension   Femoral Nerve (L2,L3,L4)   Two Joints, Hip & Knee   Anterior, Knee, Quadricep  
🗑
Popliteus   Lateral condyle of femur   Posterior medial condyle of tibia   Initiates knee flexion   Tibial Nerve (L4,L5,S1)   One Joint, Knee   Posterior Knee  
🗑
Gastrocnemius (Medial head)   Medial condyle of the femur   Posterior calcaneus   Knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion   Tibial Nerve, (S1,S2)   Two Joint, Knee & Ankle   Superficial Posterior Knee & Ankle  
🗑
Gastrocnemius (Lateral head)   Lateral condyle of the femur   Posterior calcaneus   Knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion   Tibial Nerve, (S1,S2)   Two Joint, Knee & Ankle   Superficial Posterior Knee & Ankle  
🗑
Soleus   Posterior tibia & fibula   Posterior calcaneus   Ankle plantar flexion   Tibial Nerve (S1,S2)   One Joint, Ankle   Superficial Posterior Ankle  
🗑
Plantaris   Posterior lateral condyle of femur   Posterior calcaneus   Very weak assist in knee flexion & ankle plantar flexion   Tibial (L4,L5,S1)   Two Joint, Knee & Ankle   Superficial Posterior Knee & Ankle  
🗑
Tibialis Posterior   Interosseous membrane, adjacent tibia & fibula   Navicular & most tarsals & metatarsals   Anle inversion; assists in plantar flexion   Tibial Nerve (L5,S1)   One Joint, Ankle   Deep Posterior Ankle  
🗑
Flexor Hallucis Longus   Posterior fibula & interosseous membrane   Distal phalanx of the great toe   Flexes great toe; assists in iversion & plantar flexion of the ankle   Tibial Nerve (L5,S1,S2)   Two Joint, Ankle &Great Toe   Deep Posterior Ankle  
🗑
Flexor Digitorum Longus   Posterior tibia   Distal phalanx of four lesser toes   Flexes the four lesser toes; assists in ankle inversion & plantar flexion   Tibial Nerve (L5,S1)   Two Joint, Ankle & Toes   Deep Posterior Ankle  
🗑
Tibialis Anterior   Lateral tibia & interosseus membrane   1st Cuneiform & metatarsal   Ankle inversion & dorsiflexion   Deep Peroneal Nerve (L4,L5,S1)   One Joint, Ankle   Anterior, Ankle  
🗑
Extensor Hallucis Longus   Fibula & interosseous membrane   Distal phalanx of great toe   Extends 1st toe; assists in ankle inversion & dorsiflexion   Deep Peroneal Nerve (L4,L5,S1)   Two Joint, Ankle & 1st Toe   Anterior, Ankle  
🗑
Extensor Digitorum Longus   Fibula, interosseous membrane, tibia   Distal phalanx of four lesser toes   Extends 4 lesser toes, assists in ankle dorsiflexion   Deep Peroneal Nerve (L4,L5,S1)   Two Joint, Ankle & 4 lesser toes   Anterior, Ankle & 4 lesser toes  
🗑
Peroneus Longus   Lateral proximal fibula & interosseous membrane   Plantar surface of the 1st Cuneiform & metatarsal   Ankle eversion; assists in ankle plantar flexion   Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L4,L5,S1)   Many Joints, Ankle & Foot   Lateral, Ankle & posterior toes  
🗑
Peroneus brevis   Lateral distal fibula   Base of 5th metatarsal   Ankle eversion; assists in plantar flexion   Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L4,L5,S1)   Many Joints, Ankle & Foot   Lateral, Ankle & 5th metatarsal  
🗑
Peroneus Tertius   Distal Medial fibula   Base of 5th metatarsal   Assists in ankle eversion & dorsiflexion   Deep Peroneal Nerve (L4,L5,S1)   Two Joints, Ankle & 5th metatarsal   Lateral Ankle & 5th metatarsal  
🗑


   

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