Anemia Microcytic, Fe2+, chronic, B12, Thallasemia
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| Types of anemia:_______ | microcytic-hypochromic, normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic, hemolytic anemias
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| Anemia is caused by low nr of RBC, hemoglobin and inadequate _____suply to the tissue. | O2
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| leukemia, Infection, Hereditary _defect_ can also cause ______ | anemia
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| Test that represents the amount of anisocytosis | RDW
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| Measured by Cyanmethemoglobin method | hemoglobin
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| Reticulocyte count Reference range is: | 0.5-2.5__%
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| manual retic count test is retics/___rbcs counted | 1000
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| wbc with hypersegmentation is the cause of ____ deficiency | B12,folic acid
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| Functions of iron are: | oxygen transport;
catalytic enzyme reactions
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| Iron Adult content is: | 3500-4000 mg
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| 1/3 of iron is stored in marrow, spleen, liver,______, ____ | myoglobin; myeloperoxidase
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| Daily RBC turnover of old cells is ____/day | 1%
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| What structure Releses 20mg Fe daily | reticulum endoplasmatic
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| daily production of RBC in the bone marrow to replace the old cells is: | 1%
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| In plasma transferin carries _mg Fe | 4
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| Male stores _____ Fe; Female stores ______Fe2+ | 1000; 300-500mg
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| Body recycling reclaims all iron except loss through ______ | loss through sweat, skin, fecal & urinary excretion, menstruation
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| Small intestine absorbs _ferric (Fe3+)__ iron through mucosal cells of ________ | duodenum & jejunum
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| transferrin is a ____ made in liver; converts Fe3+ to Fe2+ | beta globulin
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| Transferrin normally is___% saturated with iron | ~30%
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| Iron released in liver & bound to _____, and stord as ______ | ferritin; hemosiderin
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| Iron deficiency anemia has 3 stages: | iron depletion; Transferrin levels increased ; decreased Hgb, Hct, MCV
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| What stage of Iron deficiency anemia is capable of maintaining _homeostasis____ but cannot respond to a challenge | stage 1
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| During what stage of Iron deficiency anemia plasma iron level falls; transferrin saturation <15% | stage 2
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| During what stage of Iron deficiency anemia, erythropoiesis is ineffective and RDW increased, MCV, MCH, MCHC decrease | stage 3
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| ice (pagophagia), clay (pica), dirt (geophagia), starch or pickles ARE ANEMIA'S _______cravings | Peculiar cravings
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| Recovery of Fe deficiency anemia - 1st seen on PB smear by _____ population of rbcs | _dual
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| This anemia may be due to strong _inflammatory___ component or suppressive effect | Anemia of chronic disease
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| Ex of Anemia of chronic disease: | rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, immune hemolysis, infectious mononucleosis,
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| This anemia is Inherited or acquired; due to Fe overload; treatment: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine); sex-linked | Sideroblastic anemia
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| hepatosplenomegaly is caused by _____ | Sideroblastic anemia
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| What is it???Accumulation of Fe in macrophages of tissues with no signs or symptoms. | Hemosiderosis
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| Autosomal recessive disease; iron deposits in tissues | Hemochromatosis
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| It is often a secondary effect to bleeding in an organ | Hemosiderosis
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| Lead consumption: interferes with iron storage in ____ | _mitochondria
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| Lead Poisoning tests show ______-cytic, _____-chromic anemia, neurologic dysfunctions & skin lesions, abdominal cramping | micro; hypo
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| Consumption of ________ has damaging effect on _heme_ synthesizing enzymes; Ineffective erythropoiesis | lead
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| basophilic _stippling__, decreased osmotic fragility; reticulocytosis may or may not be present; can result in ineffective _______ due to Lead Poisoning | erythropoiesis
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| Lead Poisoning Treatment is with chelating agents; ex: | EDTA
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| This disease is caused by Inherited _quantitative_ defects in synthesis of 1 or more globin chains | Thalassemia
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| beta Thalassemias= | Cooley’s anemia
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| Most beta thalassemia results from _point___ mutation of the gene, rather than a______ | deletion
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| most_____ thalassemia is a result of gene _deletion_; Chromosome _16_ contains alpha genes | alpha
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| severe _hypo_-chromic, _micro_cytic anemia is the cause of thalassemia ________; bone deformation | major
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| Treatment for thalassemia major is ______ | Blood __transfusion__;
iron _chelation___;
antibiotic treatment for infection
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| Thalassemia minor= | Heterozygous Beta thalassemia
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| causes Mild form of chronic hypochromic microcytic anemia; Hgb 10-14 g/dl; HgF & HgA2 mildly elevated | Thalassemia minor
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| Inherated Mutations or deletions of 2 alpha genes on each chromosome causes what disease? | Alpha Thalassemia
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