Art movements, relative time periods, and descriptions
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| Byzantine | 350-1400 | Centered around Constantinople and Ravenna, Italy, and characterized by the use of the icon, a religious image.
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| Romanesque | 1050-1200 | Widespread, mainly architecrural style developed from a mix of Roman Christian art adn the Barbarian cultures of Northern Europe. Characterized by frescoes (paintings on wet plaster) and its use of rounded arches.
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| Gothic | 1200-1500 | The successor to Romanesque art, this style was characterized by soaring ceilings, pointed arches, and flying buttresses, which allowed the incorporation of large stained glass windows in cathedrals.
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| Renaissance | 1300-1550 | Meaning "rebirth," a significant Greco-Roman influence can be observed due to the revival of classical learning and art. First centered in Florence, it marked the end of the Middle Ages. Innovations of this time period include using oil-based paints and
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| Mannerism | 1520-1650 | Mainly an Italian style deriving from the pervasive influence of Raphael and Michelangelo. It was characterized by spatial imbalance and elongated figures and objects. Tintoretto was a Mannerist.
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| Baroque | 1600-1720 | This style drew off the exuberance of mannerism and was characterized by bold ornamentation and wild colors. Artists of this period include Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Rubens, Velasquez, Hals, and Van Dyck.
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| Rococo | 1735-1765 | An outgrowth of Baroque characterized as very delicate and exquisitely refined with elaborate and superficial decoration. Watteau was the major artist.
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| Neoclassicism | 1750-1830 | Developed in Revolutionary France, this was characterized by a revival of the Renaissance style in which Greco-Roman art was emulated. Classical subjects were used as an allegory to the political situation of the time. Artists included David and Ingres.
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| Romanticism | 1820-1850 | A reaction against the industrial revolution, it emphasized nature, emotion, and nationalism. Leading artists were Constable, Delacroix, and Gericault.
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| Realism | 1840-1870 | A largely French movement that attempted to portray the reality of life without the idealism and emotion of the Romantics. Courbet was the leader of this movement.
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| Impressionism | 1875-1900 | Artists tried to capture reality exactly as it appeared to the artist at one moment. It is concernd with light and its effects and the use of
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| Fauvism ("Wild Beast" | 1905-1910 | A short-lived but influential movement characterized by distorted forms and bold, brilliant, exuberant colors. Matisse was the main exponent of this movement.
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| Expressionism | 1905-1930 | In expressionism, reality is distorted to representan inner vision and heightened emotion. Works are characterized by bold brushwork and stylized forms. Munch and Gauguin were forerunners of the movement. Groups within expressionism included Dir Brucke
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| Cubism | 1906-1930 | New forms were created by dismantling objects or images and placing views from different angles in two dimensions. The style was developed by Picasso and Braque influenced by Cezanne's later works and also African tribal art. Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avi
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| Surrealism | 1920-1940 | Artists of this French avant-garde movement attempted to express imaginative dreams, because they were freed from the constraints of conscious controls. They drew off the Dadaist principles and the theories of Freud. Leading artists were Dali and Magrit
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