chapter 8 psych
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| Lashley, with his interest in the role of the brain on memory, was a | show 🗑
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| Encoding & storage | show 🗑
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| show | decay.
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| show | an unlimited amount of information for a very short time.
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| What will tend to increase the amount of information that can be retained in short-term memory? | show 🗑
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| people tend to remember words that appear | show 🗑
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| show | the more ways you think about something, the more likely you are to remember it.
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| show | An essay test.
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| When children are interviewed about their recollections of possible sexual abuse, their reports are especially credible if | show 🗑
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| show | source amnesia.
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| show | distorted by our current assumptions.
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| Sabrina went to the store. She remembered to buy all items by reminding herself that she needed food products and that she needed nonfood products that included school supplies and cleaning aids. Sabrina made effective use of | show 🗑
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| Although Arturo has looked at his watch thousands of times, he is unable to recall whether the watch features Arabic or Roman numerals. This is most likely due to a failure in | show 🗑
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| Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as ________ is to ________. | show 🗑
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| Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates | show 🗑
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| Using the mnemonic ROY G. BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow in the order of wavelength (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet) illustrates the use of | show 🗑
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| Elaine's memory of her Paris vacation is more positive today than it was last year just after she went. This best illustrates | show 🗑
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| show | semantic encoding.
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| Reading a romantic novel caused Consuela to recall some old experiences with a high school boyfriend. The effect of the novel on Consuela's memory retrieval is an illustration of | show 🗑
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| An experiment demonstrated that people who were better at forgetting irrelevant word pairs were good at remembering relevant word pairs. Their forgetting was adaptive because it reduced | show 🗑
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| Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues? | show 🗑
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| show | 12 seconds.
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| show | the testing effect.
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| show | can become automatic through practice.
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| Judy is embarrassed because she momentarily fails to remember a good friend's name. Judy's poor memory most likely results from a failure in | show 🗑
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| In an experiment, students are asked to learn a large number of nonsense words. One group is given time to chunk the words, the other group is not. Those given time to chunk the words are in the _____. | show 🗑
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| show | If the students had time to chunk or not.
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| The _____ has a role in pairing the conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response. | show 🗑
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| Spontaneous recovery of classical conditioning indicates that the individual stored information about the relationship between two events, and their later lack of a relationship, in: | show 🗑
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| show | behaviorists.
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| show | neuroscientist.
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| show | left temporal.
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| show | cerebellum.
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| In the PsychSim 'Iconic Memory' activity, you were asked to observe a random group of nine letters flashed briefly on the screen. On this free recall memory task, an average college student is most likely to recall _______ of the letters. | show 🗑
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| show | proactive interference.
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| show | encoding.
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| Police interrogators have been trained to ask less suggestive and more effective questions to avoid | show 🗑
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| Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. she remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of | show 🗑
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| Some of the information in our ________ memory is encoded into ________ memory. | show 🗑
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| An understanding of the distinction between implicit and explicit memories is most helpful for explaining | show 🗑
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| show | memory construction.
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| Explicit memory is to ________ as implicit memory is to ________. | show 🗑
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| show | rapid and subsequently slows down.
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| show | automatic processing.
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| show | imagery.
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| show | working memory.
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| Associative learning and long-term memory are facilitated by: | show 🗑
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| Because he can see the effects, a behaviorist would be interested in the effects of rehearsal on: | show 🗑
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| show | source amnesia.
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| show | consolidation.
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| The process of interference can lead to a failure in storing, encoding, or retrieval? | show 🗑
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| show | the testing effect.
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| show | repetition.
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| show | extremely stressful life experiences are especially likely to be well-remembered.
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| show | implicit memory and explicit memory.
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| show | retroactive interference.
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| show | the misinformation effect.
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| show | retrieval.
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| A person who has trouble forgetting information, such as the Russian memory whiz S, often seems to have a limited capacity for | show 🗑
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| Wei Dong was asked to memorize a long list of words that included “ship, effort, professor, and inquire.” He later recalled these words as “boat, work, teacher, and question.” This suggests that the four original words had been encoded | show 🗑
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| When memory researcher Elizabeth Loftus was an adolescent, her uncle incorrectly insisted that as a child she had found her own mother's drowned body. Loftus herself later falsely recollected finding the body. This best illustrates | show 🗑
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| Priming is to retrieval as ________ is to encoding. | show 🗑
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| Memory acquisition is to memory retention as ________ is to ________. | show 🗑
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| After being asked to remember three consonants, participants in a study by Peterson and Peterson counted aloud backward by threes to prevent | show 🗑
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| show | chunking.
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| show | encoding failure.
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| show | cerebellum.
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| show | recall.
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| Proactive and retroactive interference would be expected to ____ of words remembered in a list. | show 🗑
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| show | neuroscientist.
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| show | partial report.
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| show | implicit; explicit.
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| After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history. This best illustrates the dangers of | show 🗑
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| show | retrieval failure.
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| show | semantic encoding.
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| Proactive and retroactive interference contribute most strongly to | show 🗑
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| A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory. | show 🗑
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| Short-term memory is slightly better | show 🗑
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| show | retrieval
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| show | retrieval failure.
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| Retroactive interference involves the disruption of | show 🗑
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| show | Do not require awareness.
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| The most widely accepted model of how memory works was proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin and is called the _______ model of memory. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is the most accurate description of our memories? | show 🗑
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| show | false memories often feel as real as true memories.
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| show | implicit
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| show | iconic
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| Compulsive gamblers frequently recall losing less money than is actually the case. Their memory failure best illustrates | show 🗑
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| show | distortion; forgetting
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| Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of | show 🗑
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| The day after Kirsten was introduced to 13 people at a business luncheon, she could recall the names of only the first 4 people to whom she had been introduced. Her effective recall of these particular names best illustrates the benefits of | show 🗑
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| When asked how they felt 10 years ago regarding marijuana issues, people recalled attitudes closer to their current views than to those they actually reported a decade earlier. This best illustrates | show 🗑
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| The famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve indicates that how well we remember information depends on | show 🗑
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| Negative recall primed by distressing emotions most clearly illustrates | show 🗑
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| show | memory construction.
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| In an experiment, students are asked to learn a large number of nonsense words. One group is given time to chunk the words, the other group is not. The ______ being tested is that chunking will increase the ____ of remembered words. | show 🗑
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| Studies designed to find ways to improve semantic coding as a way to increase memory for events would probably be considered: | show 🗑
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| show | George Sperling.
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| The quest for a physical basis of memory involves a search for a | show 🗑
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| show | explicit memory; implicit memory.
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| show | semantic encoding.
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| Your relative success in recalling various items one day after you first heard them listed in order is likely to illustrate | show 🗑
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| show | Experiment, implicit.
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| show | recognition; recall
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| One way to increase the amount of information stored in short-term memory is to use the technique of | show 🗑
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| show | proactive interference.
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| show | forgetting; distortion
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| Long-term potentiation | show 🗑
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| show | a recency effect.
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| Superior memory for rap lyrics that include the most rhymes best illustrates the value of | show 🗑
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| show | hippocampus
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| _______ memory is affected when a person's hippocampus alone is damaged. | show 🗑
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| show | experiment, automatic.
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| The greatest interference occurs when old and new material are | show 🗑
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| show | contain detailed information.
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| Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember seeing a specific word after they decide whether that word fits into an incomplete sentence. This research highlighted the effectiveness of | show 🗑
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| show | sensory memory.
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| show | 30 seconds.
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| Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory. | show 🗑
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| Stress hormones promote stronger memories by | show 🗑
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| show | Conditioned stimulus, peg words or other images.
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