Notes for Chapter 17 Test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | the building blocks of matter
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| why are atoms important? | show 🗑
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| explain what atoms are | show 🗑
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| show | a substance made of only one kind of element
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| how many elements are known today and how many of those are naturally occurring? | show 🗑
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| show | they are man made in laboratories using atomic accelerators and nuclear reactors
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| show | every single, complex, living, or nonliving substance in the known universe
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| how much material on earth is formed from only a dozen elements? | show 🗑
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| show | no most elements are relatively rare
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| what elements make up living things? | show 🗑
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| what is a chemical symbol? | show 🗑
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| show | they are critical for life
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| show | it is the lightest element, makes up over 90% of all the atoms in the universe
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| describe helium | show 🗑
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| show | by fusion reactions inside stars, elements heavier than iron formed during supernovas
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| how are the heaviest elements formed? | show 🗑
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| show | the remains of stars
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| show | 23% of the matter in the universe
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| what do astrophysicists believe about this dark matter? | show 🗑
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| show | 10 to the 23, there are more atoms in a thimbleful of water than there are drops of water in all the lakes and rivers of the world
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| how do atoms move? | show 🗑
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| show | 6 years
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| show | because light is made of waves and atoms are smaller than the wavelength of light
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| show | they are older than the material they compose, some are as old as the universe itself, others are at least as old as the sun and earth
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| how long have atoms in your body been around? | show 🗑
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| show | migrate around, withing, and throughout, breathing in and out, scratching your skin, coughing and sneezing
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| do we own our atoms? | show 🗑
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| when did the idea of atoms begin? | show 🗑
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| what did John Dalton do in the 1800s? | show 🗑
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| show | a scottish botanist who in 1827 studied pollen grains under a microscope, he noticed the spores were in constant motion he first thought they were alive
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| show | evidence that atoms exist as it results from the motion of neighboring atoms and molecules, they bump into the larger particles we can see, it is the constant jiggling of particles just large enough to be seen
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| show | an electron beam
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| show | the smallest particle of a substance consisting of two or more atoms that bond together by sharing electrons
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| show | the same element or different elements
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| show | water, H2O, water is a polar molecule, 2 hydrogens, 1 oxygen
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| show | gas or liquid, nitrogen N2, oxygen, O2
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| show | DNA,composed of millions of atoms
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| show | no, metals are rows of individual atoms, crystalline minerals, table salt
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| are individual atoms small? | show 🗑
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| show | by all of our senses, even smell
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| which molecules move quickly? | show 🗑
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| show | a substance that is made of atoms of DIFFERENT elements combined in a fixed proportion
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| what does the chemical formula of a compound tell? | show 🗑
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| show | they may or may not be, water and carbon dioxide are made of molecules, table salt is made of different kinds of atoms arranged in a regular pattern, every chlorine atom is surrounded by 6 sodium atoms, every sodium atom is surrounded by 6 chlorine atoms
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| show | compounds have properties different from those of the elements of which they are made, H2O, hydrogen and oxygen are both gases, water is a liquid
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| show | they are mostly empty space, the mass of an atom is primarily concentrated in the nucleus
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| show | the central region of the atom, first discovered by ernest rutherford in 1911 in his famous gold foil experiment, it contains most of the mass of the atom, occupies less than a trillionth of the volume of the atom, it has a positive charge
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| show | electrical repulsion, only under special circumstances are the nuclei of two or more atoms squashed into contact, nuclear fusion takes place, it occurs in the stars and in a hydrogen bomb
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| what are nucleons? | show 🗑
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| show | electrically neutral, all neutrons are identical
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| show | electrically charged positive, all protons are identical
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| what is atomic mass number? | show 🗑
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| do all atoms have the same number of protons? | show 🗑
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| what is atomic number? | show 🗑
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| what are isotopes? | show 🗑
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| what is electrical charge? | show 🗑
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| show | like charges repel, unlike charges attract, protons repel protons but attract electrons, electrons repel electrons but attract protons
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| how are protons held together in the nucleus? | show 🗑
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| what are electrons? | show 🗑
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| what type of charge do atoms have? | show 🗑
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| show | and has a net charge and is now called an ion
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| show | a model in which the electrons of an atom are pictured as grouped in concentric shells around the nucleus
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| how many shells can an atom have? | show 🗑
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| what does the arrangement of electrons do? | show 🗑
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| what do atoms do to have 8 electrons in the outer shell? | show 🗑
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| what is bonding? | show 🗑
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| what is a covalent bond? | show 🗑
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| show | when electrons are transferred between atoms
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| show | when electrons are transferred and these ions are held together by simple electric forces
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| what is the periodic table? | show 🗑
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| show | from left to right, each element has one more proton and electron than the preceding one, down, each element has one more shell filled to its capacity than the element above
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| what is a group? | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
distler
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