Cellular Environment and Communication Betweens Cells
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Cytosol | entire amount of fluid or water in the body or total body water
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| Intracellular Fluid | accounts for 2/3 of total body water, making up 40% of body weight
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| Extracellular Fluid | divided into 2 interstitial fluid and plasma
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| interstitial fluid- fluid found in the tissues between the cells
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| plasma- fluid component of blood
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| Both intra and extra cellular fluids contain solutes but their concentration gradient is different this is because of the transport mechanisms across cell membranes |
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| The concentration of solute in plasma and interstitial fluid are more identical; this is due to the fact that with the exception of proteins, solutes freely diffuse between plasma and interstitial fluid |
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| Edema | capillaries contain gaps or pores between the capillary endothelial cells
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| fenestrations- are the pores that allow water and solutes to flow freely out of the capillary
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| bruise- broke the capillaries allowing solutes into the interstitial fluid
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| Blood Brain Barrier- brain capillaries are the foundation of blood brain barriers | capillaries in the brain are much different; do not have fenestrations(pores), which makes the capillaries less permeable to water and solutes; this results in significant barrier to movement of fluids and solutes into brain tissue
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| Communication Between Cells | conduction of electrical potential(nerve, cardiac, and skeletal), release of a substance, combination of both
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| Secretion of Substance- endocrine,paracrine, and autocrine
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| endocrine- release chemicals called hormones into the BLOOD where they are carried to another location in the body
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| Panacrine- cells secrete substances that diffuse into the extracellular fluid and affect neighboring cells (synaposis)
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| Autocrine- cell secretes substances that affect ITSELF by BINDING to the cell surface receptors (immune cells)
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| Action Potentials | electrical potential from cell to cell
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| important in nerve, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle
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| Action Potential in Nerve Cells -resting state- the cell has no action potential
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| due to the NA/P ATPase pump- the inside of the cell has fewer positive charges than the outside of the cell
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| Depolarization-nerve cell encounters an acion potential becomes depolarized (voltage-gated sodium channgels open allowing sodium to enter the cell), interior of the cell becomes more positive until it reaches if threshold potential,
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| once that happens all the voltage-gated sodium channels open allowing even more rapid influx of sodium REPOLARIZATION until it reaches (35-50mV) then the channels close then the potassium channels open allowing the potassium to rush out of the cell
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| leaves the cell making it more negative again HYPERPOLARIZATION-potassium channels are slower to respond to voltage changes, the potassium channels remain open longer than necessary to return to the resting potential, the resting potential is overshot as
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| the cell becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential
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| read thru packet for skeletal muscle cells and cardiac |
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Created by:
lisagoette
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