Polyatomic Ions, Vocab for ch. 1-11, 20
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy | The closeness of a measurement to the true value of the quantity that is being measured
🗑
|
||||
| Anion | An ion with a negative net charge
🗑
|
||||
| Cation | An ion with a positive net charge
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical Formula | An expression showing the chemical composition of a compound in terms f the symbols for the atoms of the elements involved
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical Properties | Any property of a substance that cannot be without converting the substance into some other substance
🗑
|
||||
| Chemistry | The science that studies the properties of substances and how substances react with one another
🗑
|
||||
| Compounds | Substances composed of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions
🗑
|
||||
| Empirical Formula | An expression using chemical symbols to show the types of elements in a substance and the simplest ratios of the different kinds of atoms
🗑
|
||||
| Energy | The capacity to do work or produce change
🗑
|
||||
| Extensive Property | A property that depends on how much matter is being considered
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothesis | A tentative explaination for a set of observations
🗑
|
||||
| Intensive Property | A property that does not depend on how much matter is being considered
🗑
|
||||
| Law | A concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions
🗑
|
||||
| Law of Conservation of Energy | The total quantity of energy in the universe is constant
🗑
|
||||
| Law of Conservation of Mass | Matter can be neither created nor destroyed
🗑
|
||||
| Limiting Reagent | The reactant used up first in a reaction
🗑
|
||||
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and possesses mass
🗑
|
||||
| Mole | The amount of substance that contains as many entities (atoms, molecules, or other particles) as there are exactly atoms in exactly 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope
🗑
|
||||
| Molecular Formula | An expression showing the exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule
🗑
|
||||
| Molecule | An aggregate of at least two atoms helt together by special forces
🗑
|
||||
| I - | Iodide
🗑
|
||||
| Fl - | Fluoride
🗑
|
||||
| Br - | Bromide
🗑
|
||||
| MoO4 2- | Molybdate
🗑
|
||||
| MnO4 - | Permangante
🗑
|
||||
| WO4 - | Tungstate
🗑
|
||||
| Se 2- | Selenide
🗑
|
||||
| ClO4 - | Perchlorate
🗑
|
||||
| ClO3 - | Chlorate
🗑
|
||||
| ClO2 - | Chlorite
🗑
|
||||
| ClO - | Hypochlorite
🗑
|
||||
| Cl - | Chloride
🗑
|
||||
| CrO4 2- | Chromate
🗑
|
||||
| Cr2O7 2- | Dichrimate
🗑
|
||||
| CO3 2- | Carbonate
🗑
|
||||
| HCO3 - | Bicarbonate
🗑
|
||||
| C2H3O2 - | Acetate
🗑
|
||||
| C2O4 2- | Oxalate
🗑
|
||||
| CN - | Cyanide
🗑
|
||||
| SCN - | Thiocynate
🗑
|
||||
| O2 2- | Peroxide
🗑
|
||||
| O 2- | Oxide
🗑
|
||||
| OH - | Hydroxide
🗑
|
||||
| H - | Hydride
🗑
|
||||
| NO2 - | Nitrite
🗑
|
||||
| NO3 - | Nitrate
🗑
|
||||
| N 3- | Nitride
🗑
|
||||
| NH2 - | Amide
🗑
|
||||
| PO4 3- | Phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| HPO4 2- | Hydrogen Phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| H2PO4 - | Dihydrogen Phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| HSO3 - | Bisulfite
🗑
|
||||
| SO4 2- | Sulfate
🗑
|
||||
| SO3 2- | Sulfite
🗑
|
||||
| S2O3 2- | Thiosulfate
🗑
|
||||
| S4O6 2- | Tetrathionate
🗑
|
||||
| S 2- | Sulfide
🗑
|
||||
| HSO4 - | Bisulfate
🗑
|
||||
| Area of High Electron Density | Area of an atom or ion at which either a lone pair, single, double, or triple bond is located.
🗑
|
||||
| Atomic Mass | The mass of an atom in atomic mass units.
🗑
|
||||
| Atomic Number (Z) | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
🗑
|
||||
| Atomic Radius | One-half the distance between the nuclei in two adjacent atoms of the same element in a metal. For elements that exist as diatomic units (e.g. oxygen), the atomic radius is one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms in a particular molecule.
🗑
|
||||
| Aufbau Principle | As protons are added one by one to the nucleus to build up the elements, electrons similarly are added to the atomic orbitals.
🗑
|
||||
| Coordinate Covalent Bond | A bond in which the pair of electrons is supplied by one of the two bonded atoms.
🗑
|
||||
| Covalent Bond | A bond in which two electrons are shared by two atoms.
🗑
|
||||
| Covalent Compounds | Compounds containing only covalent bonds.
🗑
|
||||
| Dipole-dipole Forces | Forces that act between polar molecules.
🗑
|
||||
| Dipole Moment | The product of charge and distance between the charges in a molecule.
🗑
|
||||
| Electron Affinity | The negative of the energy change that takes place when an electron is accepted by an atom (or an ion) in the gaseous state.
🗑
|
||||
| Electronegativity | The ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond.
🗑
|
||||
| Formal Charge | The electrical charge difference between the number of valence electrons in an isolated atom and the number of electrons assigned to that atom in a Lewis structure.
🗑
|
||||
| Hund's Rule | The most stable arrangement of electrons in atomic subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins.
🗑
|
||||
| Hybrid Orbitals | Atomic orbitals obtained when two or more nonequivalent orbitals of the same atom combine before covalent bond formation.
🗑
|
||||
| Aldehydes | Compounds with a carbonyl functional group and the general formula RCH0,in which R is an H atom, an alkyl, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohol | An organic compound containing the hydroxyl group (- OH)
🗑
|
||||
| Alkanes | Hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, in which n=1, 2...
🗑
|
||||
| Alkenes | Hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. They hace the general formula CnH2n, in which n=2, 3,...
🗑
|
||||
| Alkynes | Hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bands. They have the general formula CnH2n-2, in whcih n=2, 3,...
🗑
|
||||
| Amines | Organic bases that have the functional group (-NR2), in which R may be H, an alkyl group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
🗑
|
||||
| Aromatic hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon that contains one or more benzene rings.
🗑
|
||||
| Bronsted base | A substance capable of accepting a proton in a reaction.
🗑
|
||||
| Carboxylic acids | Acids that contain the carboxyl group (-COOH).
🗑
|
||||
| Chelating agent | A substance that forms complex ions with metal ions in solution.
🗑
|
||||
| Chiral | Compounds or ions that are not superimposable with their mirror images.
🗑
|
||||
| Combination reaction | A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single product.
🗑
|
||||
| Concentration of a solution | The amount of solute present in a given quantity of solution.
🗑
|
||||
| Coordination number | In coordination compounds, it is defined as the number of donor atoms surrounding the central metal atom in a complex.
🗑
|
||||
| Decomposition reaction | The breakdown of a compound into two or more components.
🗑
|
||||
| Displacement reaction | A reaction in which an atom or an ion in a compound is replaced by an atom of another element.
🗑
|
||||
| Donor atom | The atom of a ligand that is bonded directly to the metal atom.
🗑
|
||||
| Electrolyte | A substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity.
🗑
|
||||
| End point | Occurs in a titration when the indicator changes color.
🗑
|
||||
| Enantiomers | Compounds and their nonsuperimposable mirror images.
🗑
|
||||
| Equivalenve point | The point at which an acid is completely reacted with or neutralized by a base.
🗑
|
||||
| Esters | Compounds that have the ceneral formula RCOOR', in which R can be H or an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon and R' is an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon.
🗑
|
||||
| Ether | An organic compound containint the R-O-R' linkage, in which R and R' are alkyl and/or aromatic hydrocarbons.
🗑
|
||||
| Geometric isomers | Compounds with the same type and number of atoms and the same chemical bonds but different spatial arrangements; such isomers cannot be interconverted without breaking a chemical bond.
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrocarbons | Compounds made up of only carbon and hydrogen.
🗑
|
||||
| Ionic equation | An equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds in terms of their free ions.
🗑
|
||||
| Ketones | Compounds with a carbonyl functional group and the general formula RR'CO, in which R and R' are alkyl and/or aromati c hydrocarbon groups.
🗑
|
||||
| Lewis acid | A substance that can accept a pair of electrons.
🗑
|
||||
| Lewis base | A substance that can donate a pair of electrons.
🗑
|
||||
| Ligand | A molecule or an ion that is bonded to the metal ion in a complex ion.
🗑
|
||||
| Metathesis reaction | A reaction that involves the exchange or parts between compounds.
🗑
|
||||
| Molarity | The number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.
🗑
|
||||
| Molecular equations | Equations in which the formulas of the compounds are written as though all species existed as molecules or whole units.
🗑
|
||||
| Net ionic equation | An equation that includes only the ionic species that actually take part in the reaction.
🗑
|
||||
| Spectator ions | Ions that are not involved in the overall reaction.
🗑
|
||||
| Nonelectrolytes | A substance that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that is not electrically conducting.
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidation number | The number of charges an atom would have in a molecule if electrons were transferred completely in the direction indicated by the difference in electronegativity.
🗑
|
||||
| pH | The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a aqueous solution.
🗑
|
||||
| Polymer | A molecular compound distinguished by a high molar mass and made up of many repeating units.
🗑
|
||||
| Racemic mixture | An equimolar mixture of two enantioners.
🗑
|
||||
| Redox reaction | A reaction in which there is either a transfer of electrons or a change in the oxidation numbers of the substances taking part in the reaction.
🗑
|
||||
| Resonance | The use of two or more Lewis structures to represent a particular molecule.
🗑
|
||||
| Saturated hydrocarbon | Hydrocarbons that contain only single covalent bonds.
🗑
|
||||
| Solute | The substance present in the smaller amount in a solution.
🗑
|
||||
| Solvent | The substance present in larger amount in a solution.
🗑
|
||||
| Structural isomers | Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures.
🗑
|
||||
| Titration | The gradual addition of a solution of accurately known concentration to another solution of unknown concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is complete.
🗑
|
||||
| Unsaturated hydrocarbons | A solution that contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve.
🗑
|
||||
| Heat | The thermal energy that can be transferred from an object at one temperature to an object at another temperature.
🗑
|
||||
| Energy | The capacity to do work or cause change.
🗑
|
||||
| Internal energy | The sum pf potential and kinetic energy of a system; the internal energy of a chemical system depends on 1) the number of particles, 2) the type of particles, and 3) the temperature.
🗑
|
||||
| Kinetic energy | Energy due to the motion of an object.
🗑
|
||||
| Potential energy | Energy stored in an object because of the relative positions or orientations of its components.
🗑
|
||||
| Endothermic | Any reaction or process that results in an addition of heat to the system; indicated by +q.
🗑
|
||||
| Exothermic | Any reaction or process that results in a loss of heat from the system; indicated by -q.
🗑
|
||||
| Thermodynamics | the science of heat (energy) transfer.
🗑
|
||||
| Thermal equilibrium | The system and the surroundings are equal in temperature; heat transfer occurs until thermal equilibrium is established.
🗑
|
||||
| System | The object under study; generally the reactants.
🗑
|
||||
| Surroundings | Everything outside the system.
🗑
|
||||
| Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy is conserved.
q surroundings = -q system
🗑
|
||||
| Heat capacity (C) | The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of substance by one degree Celcius.
🗑
|
||||
| Specific heat capacity | calculated as [heat lost of gained by substance, J] / [mass, g] x [T change, K]
🗑
|
||||
| First law of thermodynamics | The change in energy is equal to the heat transferred plus the work done by the system.
🗑
|
||||
| Melting | The phase change from a solid to a liquid.
🗑
|
||||
| Freezing | The phase change from a liquid to a solid.
🗑
|
||||
| Deposition | The process in which vapor molecules are converted directly to the solid phase.
🗑
|
||||
| Sublimation | The process in which molecules go directly from the solid phase into the vapor phase.
🗑
|
||||
| Evaporation | The phase change from a liquid to a gas.
🗑
|
||||
| Condensation | The phase change from a gas to a liquid.
🗑
|
||||
| State function | The properties of a system that depend only on the state of the system.
🗑
|
||||
| Standard state temperature | 298.15 K
🗑
|
||||
| Standard state pressure | 1.0000 atm
🗑
|
||||
| Standard states matter | Any solid is a pure solid; any liquid is a pure liquid; and gas is at 1.00 atm of pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| Enthalpy | A thermodynamic quantity used to describe heat changes taking place at constant pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| Hess's law | When reactants are converted to products, the change in enthalpy is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps.
🗑
|
||||
| Thermochemical equation | An equation that shows both the mass and enthalpy relations.
🗑
|
||||
| Enthalpy of formation | The enthalpy for the reaction in which one mole of a substance is formed from its constituent elements.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jesters
Popular Chemistry sets