Chapter 12
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What Is a Solution? | A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a solute? | the substance present in the smaller amout.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a solvent? | Substance present in larger amount.
🗑
|
||||
| Exothermic | to release heat.
🗑
|
||||
| Endothermic | absorbs heat
🗑
|
||||
| Solubility | the measure of how much solute will dissolve at a specific temperature.
🗑
|
||||
| saturated solution | contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given solution.
🗑
|
||||
| Unsaturated Solution | contains less solute the the solvent had the capacity to dissolve at a specific temperature
🗑
|
||||
| supersaturated solution | contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution at a specific temperature.
🗑
|
||||
| Crystallization | the process in which dissolved solute comes out of the solution and forms crystals
🗑
|
||||
| miscible | two liquids that are completely soluble in each other in all proportions
🗑
|
||||
| solvation | the process in which an ion or a molecule is surrounded by solvent molecules arranged in a specific manner.
🗑
|
||||
| Hydration | when water is the solvent
🗑
|
||||
| mole | number of grams/ molar mass
🗑
|
||||
| like dissolves like | two substances with similar intermolecular forces are likely to be soluble in each other.
🗑
|
||||
| concentration | is the amount of solute present in a given quantity of solution
🗑
|
||||
| percent by mass | mass of solute/mass of the solution x 100
🗑
|
||||
| mole fraction | Xa= moles of a/ sum of all components
🗑
|
||||
| molarity | moles of solute/Liters of solution
🗑
|
||||
| molality | moles of solute/mass of the solvent (kg)
🗑
|
||||
| Henry's Law | solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution c=kp
🗑
|
||||
| c | the concentration of dissolved gas (mol/L)
🗑
|
||||
| P | the pressure of gas over the solution (atm)
🗑
|
||||
| k | is the constant for each gas (mol/L.atm) that depends only on the temperature
🗑
|
||||
| colligative properties | properties that depend only on the number of solute particles in solution and not the nature of the solute particles
🗑
|
||||
| Vapor-Pressure Lowering | P1=x1p°1
🗑
|
||||
| P1 | vapor pressure of solvent over a solution
🗑
|
||||
| X1 | mole fraction of the solvent
🗑
|
||||
| P°1 | vapor pressure of pure solvent
🗑
|
||||
| ideal solution | any solution that obeys Raoult's law
🗑
|
||||
| fractional distillation | a procedure for separating liquid components of a solution based on their different boiling points
🗑
|
||||
| boiling-point elevation | (delta Tb) the boiling point of the solution (Tb) minus the boiling point of the pure solvent (t0b)
deltaTb=KbMi
🗑
|
||||
| Freezing-point depression | the freezing point of pure solvent (Tfo) minus the freezing point of the solution (Tf) DeltaTf=Kfmi
🗑
|
||||
| osmotic pressure | The pressure require to stop osmosis. pi=MRTi
🗑
|
||||
| Osmosis | is the selective passage of solvent molecules through a porous membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one
🗑
|
||||
| Semipermeable membrane | allows the passage of solvent molecules but blocks the passage of solute molecules
🗑
|
||||
| M | molarity of the solution
🗑
|
||||
| R | the gas constant (0.0821L.atm/k.mol)
🗑
|
||||
| T | is the temperature in K.
🗑
|
||||
| Van't Hoff factor | actual number of particles in soln after dissociation/number of formula units initially dissolved in soln
🗑
|
||||
| colloid | is a dispersion of particles of one substance throughout a dispersing medium of another substance
🗑
|
||||
| volatile | have a measurable vapor pressure
🗑
|
||||
| nonvolatile | no measurable vapor pressure
🗑
|
||||
| isotonic | two solutions of equal concentration that have the same osmotic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| hypertonic | the more concentrated solution
🗑
|
||||
| hypotonic | the less concentrated soulution
🗑
|
||||
| crenation | process that causes cells to shrink and eventually to cease functioning
🗑
|
||||
| ion pairs | made up of one or more cations and one or more anions held together by electrostatic forces.
🗑
|
||||
| hydrophilic | water loving
🗑
|
||||
| hydrophobic | water-fearing
🗑
|
||||
| Tyndall Effect | the scattering of the visible light by colloid particles
🗑
|
||||
| Roault's Law | the vapor pressure of the solvent over a solution is given of the pure solvent and the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
majormayhem
Popular Chemistry sets