study guide for final
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| oedipus | a tragic Greek hero. his prophecy stated that he kills his father and marries his mother, ultimately causing him to gouge his eyes out.
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| creon | king of Thebes, known for forcing eteocles and polyneices to kill each other then leave polyneices unburied, therefore causing the events of antigone
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| jocasta | queen of Thebes, known for being the wife and mother of Oedipus
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| antigone | daughter of Oedipus, known for trying to help polyneices get a proper burial after Creon orders otherwise.
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| teiresias | the blind seer that gives oedipus and Creon their prophecies. these prophecies cause the two to be angry and not listen to him.
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| ismene | second daughter of oedipus, known for not helping antigone in giving Polynices a proper burial.
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| chorus | theban elders who summarize and comment on the last scene of the plays. they represent the voices of the city.
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| shepherd | a former servant of laios, giving insight of oedipus's prophecies and ultimately proving oedipus's prophecy true,
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| corinth | the city in which Oedipus was raised by polybos and merope, whom he believed to be his biological parents.
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| laios | father of Oedipus. he was killed by his own son
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| polybos | adoptive father of Oedipus, who raised him in corinth
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| merope | adoptive mother of Oedipus, who raised him in corinth along with polybos.
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| theseus | son of king aegeus, known for going onto the Crete and slaying the minotaur in the labyrinth. king of athens in Oedipus at colonus
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| polyneices | son of oedipus. he is forced to kill his brother and Creon decrees that he shouldnt get a proper burial for betraying Thebes.
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| eteocles | son of oedipus. he is forced to kill his brother and is given a proper burial and is portrayed as a hero.
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| eurydice | former wife of Orpheus, killed by a snake. in antigone, she provides the message that Antigone has killed herself.
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| the furies | three sisters of vengeance who punish people who violate the laws of nature.
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| nemesis | goddess of retribution or justice.
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| dramatic irony | when the reader or audience is aware of something that the character is not.
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| situational irony | when something happens that is opposite of what is expected.
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| verbal irony | when someone says something when they mean the opposite.
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| motif | a recurring image or symbol that emphasizes the main idea or theme.
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| suppliant | a humble plea or beg to a person in authority.
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| anagnorosis | when the tragic hero in a play recognizes their wrongdoing or cause for their downfall.
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| hubris | excessive pride
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| hamartia | the flaw in a character that causes their downfall.
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| allusion | a reference from one media to another, unrelated, media.
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| theme | a central idea or message in a piece of writing that typically teaches a lesson.
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| tragic hero | the main character in a tragedy that faces a change in fortune, ultimately facing a downfall.
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| oracle | an individual that can contact the gods and are able to tell prophecies.
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| prophecy | a prediction of the future.
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| soothsayer | someone who can view the future; a prophet.
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| logos | to persuade an audience by using reasoning.
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| ethos | to persuade an audience by using the speaker's credibility
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| pathos | to persuade an audience by using emotional imagery
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| tragedy | a dramatic play in which a character, typically one with good fortune, experiences a downfall due to a flaw in their character.
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| catharsis | the purging of emotions.
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| freytag's pyramid | a framework describing the introduction, the rising action, the climax, the falling action, and the resolution.
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| peripeteia |
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| fate | the force of predetermined events for a person.
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| tyranny | a type of government in which one person rules over all without other input, usually cruel and unfair.
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| capitalistic | an economic system in which properties and industry are controlled by a private owner
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| democratic | a type of government in which citizens vote for a leader.
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| socialistic | a system in which people support and control economic and political beliefs.
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| in text citaitions | a piece of evidence within writing; shown by the authors last name and page number in parenthesis.
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| conjuctions | a word that connects clauses or sentences.
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| dependent clause vs independent clause | a dependent clause cannot stand on its own and must have an independent clause to make sense in a sentence. an independent clause is a phrase that can stand by itself without needing a dependent clause or even an independent clause.
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| complex vs compound sentences | a complex sentence has an independent clause and at least one dependent clause to provide more information.
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| capitalization | a part of grammar in which that the first letter of a sentence or a proper noun must be capitalized.
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| runon sententence vs incomplete/fragment sentneces | a run-on sentence is a sentence that goes on without punctuation, making it nonsensical. an incomplete/fragment sentence is a sentence without a subject and/or verb.
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| parts of a paragraph | 1. topic sentence, 2. supporting evidence, 3. analysis, 4. concluding sentence.
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| apostrophe s vs plural s | apostrophe s describes who the item is in possession of. plural s describes multiple of one item.
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