Civil War Vocab
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| Sectionalism | Loyalty to the interests of one’s own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole.
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| Fugitive | A person who is running away or escaping, often from the law or from slavery.
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| Secede | To formally withdraw from an organization, alliance, or especially a political union, such as a state leaving the United States.
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| Abstain | To deliberately choose not to participate in something, such as voting.
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| Popular Sovereignty | The principle that the people living in a territory should have the right to decide by voting if slavery would be allowed there.
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| Border ruffians | Pro-slavery activists from Missouri who crossed into Kansas to force the acceptance of slavery there before the Civil War.
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| Aresenal | A place where weapons and military equipment are stored or made.
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| Secession | The act of formally withdrawing from membership in a federation or body, especially a political state.
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| States rights | The belief that individual states have certain rights and powers that the federal government cannot override.
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| Border State | During the Civil War, a slave state that did not secede from the Union (e.g., Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware).
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| Blockade | The use of ships or troops to prevent movement into or out of a port or region, often to cut off supplies.
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| Offensive | A major military attack, or the act of actively attacking rather than defending.
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| Rebel | A person who rises in opposition or armed resistance against an established government or ruler; often used to refer to Confederate soldiers.
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| Yankee | A term used, especially by Southerners during the Civil War, to refer to people from the Northern states or Union soldiers.
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| Blockade runner | A ship that tries to slip past a blockade to deliver goods or supplies.
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| Ironclad | A warship covered with protective iron plates, used notably during the Civil War.
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| Casualty | A person killed, wounded, or missing in action during a war or accident.
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| Empanicate | To set free, especially from legal, social, or political restrictions; often refers to freeing enslaved people.
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| Ratify | To formally approve or confirm something, such as a law, agreement, or amendment.
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| Habeas corpus | A legal principle that requires authorities to show valid reasons for detaining someone; protects against unlawful imprisonment.
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| Draft | The system of requiring people to serve in the military, usually through a lottery or selection process.
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| Bounty | A reward or payment, often given as an incentive for enlisting in the military or capturing someone.
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| Greenback | A nickname for paper currency issued by the U.S. government during the Civil War, named for its green color.
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| Inflation | A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
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| Entrenched | Firmly established and difficult to change; in military terms, placed in a strong defensive position, often protected by trenches.
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| Total War | A strategy of war in which all resources and people are mobilized for the war effort, and civilian as well as military targets may be attacked.
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