Imaging Science
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| Computer | Any general purpose, stored- program electronic digital computer.
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| Hardware | The physical/visible parts of a computer that include the various input and output devices.
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| Software | The computer programs that tell the hardware what to do and how to store and manipulate data.
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| Binary Number System | The simplest number that has only two digits (0 and 1) which computers operate on.
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| Bit | In computer language, a single binary digit (0 or 1) is called a bit.
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| Byte | A group of 8 bits (computer capacity is expressed by the number of bytes that can be accommodated).
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| Megabyte (MB) | 1 million bytes.
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| Gigabyte (GB) | 1 billion bytes (used to measure the capacity of hard drives and sometimes RAM memory.
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| Terabyte (TB) | 1,024 gigabytes or approximately 1 thousand billion bytes.
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| Computer Program | Sequence of instructions developed by a software programmer (the software of the computer).
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| Operating Systems | Series of instructions that organizes the course of data through the computer to the solution of a particular problem.
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| Application Program | Those written in a higher-level language expressly to carry out some user function.
(Programs that people use to get their work done - Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Canva, Adobe Photoshop).
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| Hexadecimal Number System | A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols — 0-9 and A-F — that is used to represent a set of four bits and is used by assembly level application.
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| FORTRAN | First successful programming language - short for Formula Translation, used for solving engineering and scientific problems.
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| BASIC | Stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code - algebraic programming language; easy to learn, interpreter language.
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| Visual Programming Languages | Programming language that uses graphical blocks to represent control elements and variables - more recent languages, that are under continuing development.
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| LOGO | Language that was designed for children.
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| ADA | Official language approved by the US Department of Defense for software development, principally used for military applications and AI.
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| Java | An object-oriented programming language designed specifically for programs (particularly multimedia) to be used over the Internet. Java allows programmers to create small programs or applications to enhance websites.
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| Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) | Predominant language used to create/format web pages.
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| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | "Brain of the computer" - primary element that carries out software instructions also allows computer to manipulate data.
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| Bus | An electrical conductor that a control unit, an arithmetic/ logic unit and all other components are connected by.
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| Processor | The electronic circuitry that does the actual computations and the memory that supports this together.
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| Memory | Active working storage of a computer.
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| Random Access Memory (RAM) | Data can be stored or accessed at random from anywhere in main memory in equal amounts of time regardless of where the data are located.
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| Read-only Memory (ROM) | Contains information supplied by the manufacturer, called firmware that cannot be written on or erased and is one of the factors involved in making a "clone" PC.
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| Types of secondary memory | DVD, CD, flash drive, Blue Ray disc (you can store memory on these until you need to see it).
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| File | Used to refer to a collection of data or information that is treated as a unit by the computer.
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| RAID | Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disc - data storage on magnetic disc; provides access to data in a few milliseconds.
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| Jukeboxes | A multidisc drive that can handle up to 2000 disc.
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| Output Devices | Devices that translate computer information into a form that humans can understand (most often used output device is the digital display device).
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| Soft Copy | Refers to the output seen on a digital display device.
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| Examples of output devices | Plotters, multifunction devices, digital display, printer, and audio output devices.
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| Teleradiography | Transfer of images and patient reports to remote sites. Practice in which radiologists remotely interpret images and report the results.
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| Input Hardware | Devices that translate data into a form the computer can process (keyboards, mice, trackballs, touchpads and source data entry devices).
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| Source Data-Entry Devices | Include scanners, fax machines, imaging systems, audio and video devices, electronic cameras, voice-recognition systems, sensors, and biologic input devices.
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| Audio Input Devices | Translates analog sound into digital format.
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| Voice Recognition Systems | Add a microphone and an audio sound card to a computer and can convert speech into digital format (Ex: radiologist use these to produce diagnostic reports and to send findings to remote locations).
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| Sensors | Generates electrical signals and then process them.
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| Human Biology Input Devices | Detect specific movements and characteristics of the human body.
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| Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) | A standard protocol used for blending a picture archiving and communications system and various imaging modalities.
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| Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) | Implements and speeds image processing, viewing, interpretation, storage and recall. Makes it convenient from any location.
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| Artificial Intelligence | Adaptation of computer technology to mimic the human mind and cognitive activities such as learning and problem solving.
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| Machine Learning (ML) | A computer is taught or "trained" to learn by providing it with a large collection of training data or information.
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| Deep Learning (DL) | Computer representation of the human brain in thought.
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| Quantum Computing | A computer that uses quantum mechanics to generate and manipulate quantum bits (qubits) in order to access enormous processing powers.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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