formulas
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| What is the equation for LDL?Can't calculate over what value? | total-(HDL+triglycerides/5)Triglycerides/5=VLDLCannot calculat if >400mg/dl
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| Oligosaccharids-how many sugar units?Chpt.14 | 3-10 sugar units
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| define stereochemistrychpt.14 | spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules
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| define stereoisomerschpt 14 | same order and types of bonds but different spatial arrangements and diff. properties
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| name 2 major hormones that control glucose? clue: they oppose each otherchpt 14 | Insulin and glucogon
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| Insulin inhibits what?chpt 14 | inhibits glycogenolysis, decreases glucose levels (beta cells of islets/angerhans)
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| glucagon increases what?chpt. 14 | alpha cells of islet that increases glyogenolysis
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| epinephrine-where is it made? and what does it do/chpt 14 | made in adrenal medullaincreases glucose, inhibits insulin secretion, increases glycogenolysis and lipolysis. Released during stress increase.
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| hyperglycemia does what?chpt 14 | increased in plasma glucose levels.increases glucose in plasma and urine. Increases urine specifice gravity, ketones in serum and urine. Decreases blood and urine pH(acidosis) and causes electrolyte imbalances
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| glycogenesis converts what to what?chpt 14 hint:(g-->g:new) | converts glucose to glycogen for storage
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| what is gluconeogenesis? GIVE 3 EXAMPLESchpt 14 clue(SUGAR/NEW/CREATION) | formation of glucose from non carbohydratesie: 1.amino acids 2.glycerol 3. lactate
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| what is glycogenolysis?Chpt 14 hint (g-->l/p) | conversion of glucose to lactate, pyruvate acid
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| what is lipogenesis?chot 14 hint (fat/form into new) | conversion of carbs into fatty acids
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| what is lipolysis?chpt 14 | decopmposition of fat
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| what are monosacchrides?Chpt 14 ex:(g f g) | singer sugar unitex. glucose frucose galatose
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| what are disaccharides? |
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| Oligosaccharids-how many sugar units?Chpt.14 | 3-10 sugar units
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| define stereochemistrychpt.14 | spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules
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| define stereoisomers.chpt 14 | same order and types of bonds but different spatial arrangements and diff. properties
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| name 2 major hormones that control glucose? clue: they oppose each other. chpt 14 | Insulin and glucogon
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| Insulin inhibits what?chpt 14 | inhibits glycogenolysis, decreases glucose levels (beta cells of islets/angerhans)
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| glucagon increases what?chpt. 14 | alpha cells of islet taht increases glyogenolysis
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| epinephrine-where is it made? and what does it do/chpt 14 | made in adrenal medullaincreases glucose, inhibits insulin secretion, increases glycogenolysis and lipolysis. Released during stress increase.
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| hyperglycemia does what?chpt 14 | increased in plasma glucose levels.increases glucose in plasma and urine. Increases urine specifice gravity, ketones in serum and urine. Decreases blood and urine pH(acidosis) and causes electrolyte imbalances
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| glycogenesis converts what to what?chpt 14 hint:(g-->g:new) | converts glucose to glycogen for storage
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| what is gluconeogenesis? GIVE 3 EXAMPLESchpt 14 clue(SUGAR/NEW/CREATION) | formation of glucose from non carbohydratesie: 1.amino acids 2.glycerol 3. lactate
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| what is glycogenolysis?Chpt 14 hint (g-->l/p) | conversion of glucose to lactate, pyruvate acid
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| what is lipogenesis?chot 14 hint (fat/form into new) | conversion of carbs into fatty acids
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| what is lipolysis?chpt 14 | decopmposition of fat
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| what are monosacchrides?Chpt 14 ex:(g f g) | singer sugar unitex. glucose frucose galatose
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| what are disaccharides?chpt. 14. list 3 examples | two sugar units.ex.: maltose lactose sucrose
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| anion gap equation |
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| CAP | College of American Pathologists
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| JCAHO | Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations
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| NAACLS | National Accredting afency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences
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| CLSI | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
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| what does each color stand for on a safety diamond label? | red-flammability, yellow-reactivity, blue-health and white-radioactive or water reactive
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| which is more hazardous 1 or 4 on the | 4 has the greater hazard 1 or 0 os the least
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| class A fire extinguishers are used on what types of fires? | Ordinary combustibles ie: wood, paper, cloth
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| class B fire extinguishers are used on what types of fires? | flammable liquids
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| class C fire extinguishers are used on what types of fires? | electrical
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| class D fire extinguishers are used on what types of fires? | flammable metals
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| P A S S stands for | Pull Aim Squeeze and Sweep
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| R A C E stands for | rescue, alarm, confine and extinguish
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| Buffer equation | pH= pK + log (base)/(acid)
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| what is the pK at body temp.? | 6.1
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| what is the ratio of HCO3 to H2CO3 | 20:1--->will help keep pH in range
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| What important role does a phosphate buffering system have in urine? | it neutralizes hydrogen ions in the urine filtrate and controls acidity
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| what are the compensation mechanisms of the body? | hyperventilation-->removes CO2
hyPOventilation-->pH will increase
increased HCO3 reabsorption-->due to chloride loss
Decrease HCO3--> caused by diuretics
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| what are the 4 main acid base disorders | metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis
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| in what way will the lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis | hyperventilation-->EXCRETE CO2
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| in what way will the kidneys compensate for metabolic acidosis | increase urine acidity and NH3
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| in what way will the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis | hyPOventilation-->retain CO2
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| is it possible for the kidneys to compensate for metabolic alkalosis? | no
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| name a compensation the lungs will provide for respiratory alkalosis | hyperventilation-->excrete CO2
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| how will the kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis? | excretion of HCO3; decreased H+ secretion
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| which is a "primary bicarbonate deficit"? metabolic acidosis or alkalosis | metabolic acidosis
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| which is a primary bicarbonate excess metabolic acidosis or alkalosis | metabolic alkalosis
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| what is respiratory acidosis | an accumulation
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| another name for aspirin poisoning? | Salicylate poisoning
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