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Clinical Chemistry I
formulas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the equation for LDL?Can't calculate over what value? | total-(HDL+triglycerides/5)Triglycerides/5=VLDLCannot calculat if >400mg/dl |
| Oligosaccharids-how many sugar units?Chpt.14 | 3-10 sugar units |
| define stereochemistrychpt.14 | spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules |
| define stereoisomerschpt 14 | same order and types of bonds but different spatial arrangements and diff. properties |
| name 2 major hormones that control glucose? clue: they oppose each otherchpt 14 | Insulin and glucogon |
| Insulin inhibits what?chpt 14 | inhibits glycogenolysis, decreases glucose levels (beta cells of islets/angerhans) |
| glucagon increases what?chpt. 14 | alpha cells of islet that increases glyogenolysis |
| epinephrine-where is it made? and what does it do/chpt 14 | made in adrenal medullaincreases glucose, inhibits insulin secretion, increases glycogenolysis and lipolysis. Released during stress increase. |
| hyperglycemia does what?chpt 14 | increased in plasma glucose levels.increases glucose in plasma and urine. Increases urine specifice gravity, ketones in serum and urine. Decreases blood and urine pH(acidosis) and causes electrolyte imbalances |
| glycogenesis converts what to what?chpt 14 hint:(g-->g:new) | converts glucose to glycogen for storage |
| what is gluconeogenesis? GIVE 3 EXAMPLESchpt 14 clue(SUGAR/NEW/CREATION) | formation of glucose from non carbohydratesie: 1.amino acids 2.glycerol 3. lactate |
| what is glycogenolysis?Chpt 14 hint (g-->l/p) | conversion of glucose to lactate, pyruvate acid |
| what is lipogenesis?chot 14 hint (fat/form into new) | conversion of carbs into fatty acids |
| what is lipolysis?chpt 14 | decopmposition of fat |
| what are monosacchrides?Chpt 14 ex:(g f g) | singer sugar unitex. glucose frucose galatose |
| what are disaccharides? | |
| Oligosaccharids-how many sugar units?Chpt.14 | 3-10 sugar units |
| define stereochemistrychpt.14 | spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules |
| define stereoisomers.chpt 14 | same order and types of bonds but different spatial arrangements and diff. properties |
| name 2 major hormones that control glucose? clue: they oppose each other. chpt 14 | Insulin and glucogon |
| Insulin inhibits what?chpt 14 | inhibits glycogenolysis, decreases glucose levels (beta cells of islets/angerhans) |
| glucagon increases what?chpt. 14 | alpha cells of islet taht increases glyogenolysis |
| epinephrine-where is it made? and what does it do/chpt 14 | made in adrenal medullaincreases glucose, inhibits insulin secretion, increases glycogenolysis and lipolysis. Released during stress increase. |
| hyperglycemia does what?chpt 14 | increased in plasma glucose levels.increases glucose in plasma and urine. Increases urine specifice gravity, ketones in serum and urine. Decreases blood and urine pH(acidosis) and causes electrolyte imbalances |
| glycogenesis converts what to what?chpt 14 hint:(g-->g:new) | converts glucose to glycogen for storage |
| what is gluconeogenesis? GIVE 3 EXAMPLESchpt 14 clue(SUGAR/NEW/CREATION) | formation of glucose from non carbohydratesie: 1.amino acids 2.glycerol 3. lactate |
| what is glycogenolysis?Chpt 14 hint (g-->l/p) | conversion of glucose to lactate, pyruvate acid |
| what is lipogenesis?chot 14 hint (fat/form into new) | conversion of carbs into fatty acids |
| what is lipolysis?chpt 14 | decopmposition of fat |
| what are monosacchrides?Chpt 14 ex:(g f g) | singer sugar unitex. glucose frucose galatose |
| what are disaccharides?chpt. 14. list 3 examples | two sugar units.ex.: maltose lactose sucrose |
| anion gap equation | |
| CAP | College of American Pathologists |
| JCAHO | Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations |
| NAACLS | National Accredting afency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences |
| CLSI | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute |
| what does each color stand for on a safety diamond label? | red-flammability, yellow-reactivity, blue-health and white-radioactive or water reactive |
| which is more hazardous 1 or 4 on the | 4 has the greater hazard 1 or 0 os the least |
| class A fire extinguishers are used on what types of fires? | Ordinary combustibles ie: wood, paper, cloth |
| class B fire extinguishers are used on what types of fires? | flammable liquids |
| class C fire extinguishers are used on what types of fires? | electrical |
| class D fire extinguishers are used on what types of fires? | flammable metals |
| P A S S stands for | Pull Aim Squeeze and Sweep |
| R A C E stands for | rescue, alarm, confine and extinguish |
| Buffer equation | pH= pK + log (base)/(acid) |
| what is the pK at body temp.? | 6.1 |
| what is the ratio of HCO3 to H2CO3 | 20:1--->will help keep pH in range |
| What important role does a phosphate buffering system have in urine? | it neutralizes hydrogen ions in the urine filtrate and controls acidity |
| what are the compensation mechanisms of the body? | hyperventilation-->removes CO2 hyPOventilation-->pH will increase increased HCO3 reabsorption-->due to chloride loss Decrease HCO3--> caused by diuretics |
| what are the 4 main acid base disorders | metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis |
| in what way will the lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis | hyperventilation-->EXCRETE CO2 |
| in what way will the kidneys compensate for metabolic acidosis | increase urine acidity and NH3 |
| in what way will the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis | hyPOventilation-->retain CO2 |
| is it possible for the kidneys to compensate for metabolic alkalosis? | no |
| name a compensation the lungs will provide for respiratory alkalosis | hyperventilation-->excrete CO2 |
| how will the kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis? | excretion of HCO3; decreased H+ secretion |
| which is a "primary bicarbonate deficit"? metabolic acidosis or alkalosis | metabolic acidosis |
| which is a primary bicarbonate excess metabolic acidosis or alkalosis | metabolic alkalosis |
| what is respiratory acidosis | an accumulation |
| another name for aspirin poisoning? | Salicylate poisoning |
Created by:
nizhoni
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