Biology Definitions
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| building blocks of matter (contain neutrons protons, and electrons) | atoms
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| center of an atom (contains protons and neutrons) | nucleus
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| 2 or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons | isotopes
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| pure substance with unique properties, formed when 2 or more different elements combine | compound
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| compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds | molecule
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| type of bond formed when an atom SHARE electrons | covalent bond
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| atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons | ion
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| electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms | ionic bond
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| combination of 2 or more different substances in which substances keeps its individual characteristics | mixture
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| homogenous mixture formed when a substance is dissolved into another substance | solution
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| molecule with oppositely charged regions | polar molecule
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| weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen | hydrogen bond
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| substance that releases H+ when dissolved in water (pH < 7) | acid
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| substance that releases OH- when dissolved in water | base
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| have same chemical formula but different structures | isomer
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| large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds | polymer
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| organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom | carbohydrate
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| basic unit of a carbohydrate | monosaccharide
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| formed when 2 monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction | disaccharide
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| any class of carbohydrates consisting of a number of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bond | polysaccharides
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| carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units; polysaccharide stored by plants | starch
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| secondary long term energy storage in animal and fungi cells | glycogen
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| cellulose an inert carbohydrate; makes cell wall | cellulose
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| hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen | lipid
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| organic, compound made of amino acids, joined by peptide bonds | protein
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| carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building blocks of proteins | amino acids
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| bond that holds amino acids together | peptide bond
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| protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering activation energy needed to start the reaction | enzyme
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| complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information | nucleic acid
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| subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base | nucleotides
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| main component of chromosomes; transfers genetic information | DNA
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| any various nucleic acid that contains ribose and uracil as structural components | RNA
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| all of the chemical reactions that take place in an organism | metabolism
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