social psych
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| where does self concept come from what are the five sources? | 1. introspection 2. perception of ones own behavior 3. influences of other people 4. autobiographical memories 5. cultural influences
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| whats introspection? | self knowledge through looking inward at ones own thoughts and feelings
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| Affective forecasting | we have difficulty in predicting responses to future emotions
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| who came up with the self perception theory? | Daryl Bem - people can learn more about themselves through watching their own behavior
when internal cues are difficult to interpret, people gain insight by observing their own behavior
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| influence of other people | people tend to describe themselves in ways that them appart form others - the self is relative
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| Social comparative theory who discovered it | Festinger - when uncertain about our own abilities or options we evaluate self through comparing ourselves with similar others
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| Autobiographical memories | memories that shape our identity. essential for a coherent self concept. typically report more memories from recent times rather than distance memories besides "firsts" and reminiscence peak
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| Cultural influences on self concept | individualism- ones culture values independence, autonomy, and self reliance. collectivism- ones cultures value cooperation from a valued group.
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| self esteem | ones positive and negative self evaluations
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| Leary and Baumeister | - people are inherently social animals. need for self esteem is driven by the need to socialize and connect with people to gain approval.
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| Self discrepancy theory | the mismatch between how we see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves. Actual self and social guides
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| Self guides | Ideal self (how you want to be) and ought self (something you should be doing, he you SHOULD be)
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| self esteem depends on these factors | the discrepancy between actual self and self guides
the importance of the discrepancy to the self
the extent to which one focuses one ones self discrepancy
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| self presentation | the process why which we try to shape what others think of us and what we think of ourselves
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| 2 types of self presentation | 1 strategic self 2 self verification
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| strategic self | when we act a certain way in front of people in order to shape others impressions of ourselves to get power, authority, approval
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| 2 kinds of strategic self presentation | ingratiation- the desire to "get along" with everyone and be liked
self promotion- desire to get ahead and gain respect from others like bragging and showing off
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| self verification | wanting other people to perceive you how you perceive yourself
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| individual differences in self monitoring | tendency to regulate ones own behavior to meet the demands of the situation
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| high self monitors | high focus in strategic self presentation
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| low self monitors | high focus on self verification
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| self regulation | process by which we seek to control or alter our thoughts feelings behaviors and urges
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| ironic processes | Wegner: sometimes the harder we try to inhibit a thoughts ,feeling, or behavior the less likely we are to succeed
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| self handicapping | behaviors designed to sabotage ones own performance in order to provide an excuse for failure
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