Sociology chapter 10
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| Affirmative action | Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities
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| Amalgamation | The process by which a majority group and minority group combine through intermarriage to form a new group.
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| Anti-Semitism | Anti-Jewish prejudice
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| Apartheid | The policy of the South African government designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites
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| Assimilation | The process by which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture.
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| Black Power | A political philosophy promoted by many younger blacks in the 1960’s that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.
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| Contact hypothesis | An interactionist perspective which states that interracial contact between people of equal status in cooperative circumstances will reduce prejudice.
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| Discrimination | The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons
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| Ethnic group | : A group that is set apart from other because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
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| Ethnocentrism | The tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others
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| Exploitation theory | A Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism
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| Genocide | The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.
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| Glass ceiling | An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual’s gender, race, or ethnicity.
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| Institutional discrimination | The denial of opportunites and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society.
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| Issei | Japanese immigrants to the United States
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| Minority group | A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs.
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| Model or ideal minority | A group that, despite past prejudice and discrimination, succeeds economically, socially, and educationally without resorting to political or violent confrontations with Whites.
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| Nisei | Japanese born in the United States who were descendants of the Issei.
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| Pluralism | Mutual respect among the various groups in a society for one another’s cultures, which allows minorities to express their own cultures without experiencing prejudice.
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| Prejudice | A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority.
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| Racial Group | A group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences.
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| Racism | The belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior.
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| Segregation | The act of physically separating two groups; often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group.
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| Stereotypes | Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group.
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| Symbolic ethnicity | An ethnic identity that emphasizes such concerns as ethic food and political issues rather than deeper ties to one’s ethic heritage
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