mcat orgo
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | addition at carbonyl carbon; removal of leaving group
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| ortho | show 🗑
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| show | decreases bp because prevents inTERmolecular bonding from occuring
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| intermolecular bond | show 🗑
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| show | 1,4 position
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| anisotropic effect | show 🗑
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| HOMO LUMO | show 🗑
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| show | higher wavelength absorption; reflects blue
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| lower conjugation | show 🗑
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| show | tallest peak = most abundant ion; peak at largest value = molecular ion; (M-15 peak = loss of methy group)
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| show | nonhydrolyzable lipids; 4 fused rings
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| gabriel synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | highest # chiral carbon has S configuration; hydrogen drawn as dash
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| show | highest # chiral carbon has R configuration; hydrogen drawn as solid wedge
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| show | strong nucleophiles + polar aprotic solvent (DMSO, acetone); stereochem inversion at the carbon that is attacked
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| sn1 | show 🗑
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| show | attached to carbon atoms on a straight/branched structure, 1-2ppm
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| show | weak reducing agent; selective to ketones
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| show | used when boiling points are under 150°C and at least 25°C apart
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| fractional distillation | show 🗑
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| vacuum distillation | show 🗑
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| liquid liquid extraction | show 🗑
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| show | nonpolar mobile phase, polar stationary phase; most polar elutes last (longer retention time) b/c it's attracted to stationary phase; for small sample sizes; mobile phase under pressure
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| show | acetaldehyde + ammonium chloride = imine; then add KCN to make a mixture of L + D amino acid
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| show | stationary phase = polar (travels less); mobile phase = nonpolar (travels more)
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| aldehydes + ketones | show 🗑
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| show | highest energy; least stable; fast formation path; favorable at low temps; less substituted is major product
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| thermodynamic product | show 🗑
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| acetal | show 🗑
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| hemiacetal | show 🗑
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| show | from ketones; OR-OR
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| show | from ketones; OR-OH
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| ring strain | show 🗑
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| anhydride | show 🗑
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| rate limiting step | show 🗑
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| show | mirror image; not superimposable
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| show | not mirror image; not superimposable
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| show | 6 membered sugar with oxygen in the ring
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| eclipse conformation | show 🗑
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| staggered conformation | show 🗑
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| lactonization | show 🗑
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| lactamization | show 🗑
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| show | increases bp
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| short carbon chain | show 🗑
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| show | glucose + fructose
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| lactose | show 🗑
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| maltose | show 🗑
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| furanose | show 🗑
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| show | ketohexose
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| glucose | show 🗑
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| show | aldohexose
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| show | aldopentose
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| show | distinguishes reducing sugars, and aldehydes from ketones bc aldehydes can be oxidized to carb acids
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| boiling pt increasing order | show 🗑
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| show | weak base; forms thermodynamic enolate (most substituted) by deprotonating most substituted alpha carbon
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| show | strong base; forms kinetic enolate (less substituted)
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| M:M+2 ratio | show 🗑
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| show | alcohol + carb acid; uses acid catalyst + heat
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| show | condensation of 2 carb acids OR carb acid + acid chloride
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| KmNO4 | show 🗑
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| show | highest # stereocenter is R
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| show | highest # stereocenter is S
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| show | liquid stationary phase + gas mobile phase; higher bp travel slower (elutes last); lower bp travel faster (elutes first); column is heated
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| show | observed rotation/ (length in dm*conc.)
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| aromatic proton splitting | show 🗑
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| ch2 splitting | show 🗑
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| hydroxyl splitting | show 🗑
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| 1°, 2°, 3° alkyl hydrogens | show 🗑
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| rotatable bonds | show 🗑
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| size-exclusion chromatography | show 🗑
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| show | down on ring structrue
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| show | up on ring structure
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| show | assesses secondary + tertiary structures (a-helices/B-sheets) by measuring diff. in polarize light absorption
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| reducing sugar | show 🗑
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| show | decreases bp b/c more surface area = less intermolecular interactions
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| wax is made up of | show 🗑
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| degrees of unsaturation | show 🗑
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| hell-volhard zelinksy rxn | show 🗑
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| show | NH2- < OH- < F- < Cl- < H2O < Br- < I-
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| regioselective | show 🗑
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| stereoselective | show 🗑
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| epimer | show 🗑
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| retro aldol rxn | show 🗑
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| 2-chloro-2-methylpropane | show 🗑
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| aldose sugars | show 🗑
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| ketose sugars | show 🗑
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Created by:
reynangu