MCAT Biology
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| show | FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
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| show | Prolactin, Endorphins, Growth Hormone
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| show | Increases reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts of the kidneys
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| What does Oxytocin do? | show 🗑
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| show | Decrease the perception of pain
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| The posterior pituitary receives and stores what hormones? | show 🗑
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| ADH is secreted when? | show 🗑
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| show | Increase cellular respiration, increasing protein and fatty acid turnover by speeding up both synthesis
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| show | Decrease plasma calcium levels
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| show | B and C
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| What are the fat-soluble vitamins? | show 🗑
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| When is glucagon secreted? | show 🗑
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| Glucagon triggers what? | show 🗑
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| show | Alpha, Beta, and Delta cells
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| Alpha islet cells produce what? | show 🗑
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| Beta islets cells produce what? | show 🗑
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| show | Somatostatin
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| show | Inhibit both insulin and glucagon secretion
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| The pineal glad secretes what? | show 🗑
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| show | Kidneys
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| show | Neutrophils
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| show | Basophils
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| Which cell type id involved in allergic reactions and invasive parasitic infections containing large amounts of histamine? | show 🗑
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| show | Bone Marrow
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| T-cells mature where? | show 🗑
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| show | HIV
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| show | Hydrolyzes specifc peptide bonds; converts chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin
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| What does Maltase do? | show 🗑
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| What does Sucrase do? | show 🗑
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| show | Emulsify fat
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| show | Hydrolyze lipids
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| What does Enteropeptidase do? | show 🗑
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| show | Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds; activated by HCl
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| show | Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
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| show | H+ ions, Urea, NH3+, and Potassium (K)
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| show | Water-soluble vitamins, glucose, amino acids, majority of salts, and water
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| What does aldosterone do? | show 🗑
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| When and where is aldosterone secreted? | show 🗑
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| Renin cleaves what to form what? | show 🗑
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| Juxtaglomerular cells secrete what in response to low blood pressure | show 🗑
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| Does aldosterone change blood osmolarity? | show 🗑
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| show | Proximal convoluted tubule
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| show | Stratum Spinosum
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| show | Loose connective tissue
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| show | Water, ions, glucose, amino acids, and vitamins
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| What does the descending limb of the loop of Henle do? | show 🗑
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| show | Reabsorbs salt and dilutes urine in the diluting segment
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| show | Reabsorbs salt and secrete potassium, hydrogen ions, ammonia, and urea
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| What does the collecting duct do? | show 🗑
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| show | Filtration, Secretion, and Reabsorption
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| show | FSH, LSH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, Endorphins, Growth Hormone
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| What does Parathyroid hormone (PTH) do? | show 🗑
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| show | Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP). It's function is to promote salt and water excretion
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| show | Stimulate T-cell development
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| What does insulin do? | show 🗑
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| Granulocytes include what? | show 🗑
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| show | Troponin
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| show | Skeletal muscle
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| show | Z-lines
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| I-bands contain what? | show 🗑
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| H-zone contains what? | show 🗑
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| show | All filaments
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| What is the periosteum? | show 🗑
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| show | Substituting of one nucleotide for another
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| show | Moving the 3-letter transcriptional reading frame
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| What is a silent mutation? | show 🗑
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| What is a missense mutation? | show 🗑
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| show | Substitution of. a stop codon for an amino acid
*UGA, UAA, UAG
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| show | -70mV
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| What is depolarization? | show 🗑
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| show | Decreasing the membrane potential Vm from its resting potential
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| Na+/K+ ATPase | show 🗑
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| What is the range of the excitatory input to be depolarized to the threshold? | show 🗑
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| show | Inactivated
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| show | Circular and self replicating
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| Connective tissues produce and secrete what to produce the extracellular matrix? | show 🗑
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| Microtubules are hollow polymers of what proteins? | show 🗑
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| What is conjugation? | show 🗑
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| What is transformation? | show 🗑
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| show | Genetic recombination requiring a vector
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| show | A virus that carries genetic material from one bacterium to another
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| show | Genetic elements capable of inserting and removing themselves from the genome
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| show | The RNA of the virus can be directly translated by the host ribosomes
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| What's a negative sense? | show 🗑
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| show | RNA replicase to ensure the complementary strand is synthesized
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| Gram positive turns what color? | show 🗑
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| Gram negative turns what color? | show 🗑
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| show | Lag phase--> Exponential (log) phase--> Stationary phase--> Death phase
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| show | Single-strand
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| What can the genome of a virus look like? | show 🗑
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| show | 9+2
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| Sequence of mature sperm cell | show 🗑
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| show | Abdominal cavity
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| show | Luteal phase
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| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) do? | show 🗑
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| show | Follicular phase--> Ovulation--> Luteal phase--> Menstruation
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| What happens during the follicular phase? | show 🗑
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| show | Surge of LH triggered when estrogen reaches it's threshold switching to positive feedback
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| show | The ruptured follice becomes the corpus luteum secreting progesterone maintaining the uterine lining. High levels of estrogen and progesterone
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| show | Estrogen an progesterone levels drop and the endometrial lining is sloughed off
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| What happens during menstruation if fertilized? | show 🗑
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| The epidermis, hair, nails, and the epithelia of the nose, mouth, and anal cavity, as well as the nervous system forms from what embryonic layer? | show 🗑
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| Musculoskeletal, circulatory, and excretory, digestive, respiratory, and adrenal cortex comes from what embryonic layer? | show 🗑
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| Parts of the pancreas, thyroid, bladder, and distal urinary tracts come from what embryonic layer? | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 shunts in a fetus? | show 🗑
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| show | Right atrium to left atrium bypassing the lungs
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| Ductus arteriosus connects to what? | show 🗑
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| Ductus venosus connects to what? | show 🗑
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| show | Organogenesis
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| What happens during the second trimester? | show 🗑
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| What happens during the third trimester? | show 🗑
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| Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multipotent cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Afferent= Signals from the sensory receptors to the brain
Efferent= Signals from the brain to the sensory receptors
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| show | Oligodendrocytes in the CNS
Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system
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| show |
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| What happens to the sodium and potassium channels during the peak of an action potential? | show 🗑
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| show | White= Consist of myelinated axons
Grey= Consist of unmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites
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| Excitatory cells cause what in the neuron? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyper-polarization
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| show | +35mV
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| show | Secondary messengers
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| show | Comes from the lungs and it converts Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2
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| What are the functions of Angiotensin 2? | show 🗑
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| show | Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and cortical sex hormones
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| There are 2 glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone what do they do? | show 🗑
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| Glucocorticoids release is under the control of what? | show 🗑
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| show | Aldosterone
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| show | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
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| show | Androgen and estrogen
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| show | Amino acid derivative hormones in one larger class of molecules called catecholamines
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| show | 1= Autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas
2= Receptor level resistance to the effect of insulin
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| show | Maximum volume of air in the lungs 6-7 Liters
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| What is residual volume | show 🗑
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| show | Difference between the minimum and maximum volume of air (total lung- residual)
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| show | The volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath
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| Expiratory v inspiratory reserve volume | show 🗑
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| show | To the left reducing hydrogen ion
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| When blood pH increase respiration decreases what type of shift does this cause in the buffer equation | show 🗑
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| show | CO=HR x SV
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| show | AB+
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| show | O-
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| Does fetal hemoglobin have a higher or lower affinity for oxygen? | show 🗑
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| Exercise shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociated curve in what direction? | show 🗑
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| What valve prevents backflow in the right atrium? | show 🗑
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| show | Mitral (bicuspid)
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| show | Aortic valve
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| What valve prevent backflow in the right ventricle? | show 🗑
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| show | A protein that keeps intravascular fluids inside vessels and prevents their leakage
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| Where is albumin synthesized? | show 🗑
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| Oncotic v Hydrostatic pressure? | show 🗑
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| show | Decreases oncotic pressure
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| show | SA node--> AV node--> Bundle of His--> Purkinje Fibers
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| Where is the SA node? | show 🗑
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| show | Between the artia an ventricle
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| Where is the bundle of his? | show 🗑
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| Where are the Purkinje fibers? | show 🗑
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| MHC 1 v MHC 2 | show 🗑
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| What is humoral immunity? | show 🗑
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| What is cell-mediated immunity? | show 🗑
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| Active v Passive immunity | show 🗑
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| show | Epiphysis= Head
Diaphysis= Shaft
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| show | Osteoblast= create new bone
Osteoclast= break down old bone
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| What part of the bone is associated with growth? | show 🗑
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| show | Lubricates the joint space
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| show | Encloses the actual joint cavity
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Created by:
walker89