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Cell Process and Energy

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Term
Definition
photosynthesis   The process by which plants and other autotrophs capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water.  
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autotroph   An organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce it's own food.  
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heterotroph   An organism that cannot make its own food and gets food by consuming other living things.  
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chlorophyll   A green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of, plants,algae, and some bacteria.  
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cellular respiration   The process by in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions in cells, releasing energy.  
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fermentation   The process by which cells release energy by breaking down food molecules without using oxygen.  
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cell cycle   The series of events in which the cell grows, prepares for division, and divides from two daughter cells.  
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interphase   The first stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs, during which a cell grows and makes a copy of DNA.  
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replication   The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus before the cell division.  
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chromosome   A threadlike structure within a cell's unless that contains DNA that is passed from one generation to the next.  
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mitosis   The second stage of the cell cycle during which the cells nucleus divides into two nuclei and one set of DNA is distributes into each daughter cell.  
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cytokinesis   The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides distributing the organelles into each of the two new daughter cells.  
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