chapter 14
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| definition of energy | ability to do work
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| us has __% of people in the world and we use __% of worlds energy | 5, 25
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| __ are number one use of energy in the us | utilities 33%
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| most energy available to us comes from | sun...a nuclear reactor
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| the SI unit of energy is | the joule (J)
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| the SI unit of power is | the watt (W)
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| one watt in relevance to joules | 1 watt is 1 joule per second J/s W=1j/s
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| W= | 1j/s
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| the sun is a ___ reactor | nuclear fusion
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| the sun steadily converts | hydrogen to helium
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| power output of the sun | 4*10^26
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| earth receives __ amount of power from the sun | 1.73*10^17W (equal to output of 115 million nuclear power plants
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| two forms of energy | kinetic and potential
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| energy due to position or arrangement | potential
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| examples of potential energy | water at the top of a dam, chil atom sliding board, fuel, food, nuclear energy, compressed spring
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| four main types of potential energy | stored by position, stored in chemical bonds, sotred in nuclear particles, stored by compression
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| energy of motion | kinetic energy
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| kinetic energy __ as potential energy __ | increase' decreases
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| examples of kinetic energy | rolling freight train, spinning water wheel, moving molecule, nuclear explosion
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| what happens to energy biosphere receives that isnt used to support life | 30% is immediately reflected back into space as short wave radiation
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| what are the three large uses of energy biosphere receives | 50% used to heat the planet, 23% powers the water cycle, most importantly used by plants for photosynthesis
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| in water cycle radient energy of sun is converted to wat | potential energy of water vapor, water droplets, and ice crystals
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| photosynthesis formula | 6CO2+6H2O + energy YIELDS(with chlorophil as catalyst) C6H12O6+6O2
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| kinetic -molecular theory | explains effects of temperatures on the rates of chemical reactions (hotter faster reaction)
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| 4 main factors effecting chemical reactions | temperature, concentration of reactants, catalysts, amounts of chemicals
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| two main units of energy | joule and calorie
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| 1cal =__joules | 4.184
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| exothermic reactions | chemical reactions resulting in release of heat (burning methane, gas and coal)
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| endothermic reaction | energy is supplied as heat in reaction
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| energy supplied as heat in a reaction | endothermic reaction
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| examples of endothermic processes | melting ice, cooking, photosynthesis,breaking bonds, batery charging, decomposition of HgO, mixing NH4Cl with water, evaporation of CFC
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| exothermic processes ecamples | freezing of water, condensation of water vapor, burning wood, metabolism, making chemical bonds, discharging battery, oxidation of Mg to MGO , mixing CaO with water or (H2SO4), nuclear fission and fusion
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| energy cannot be created or destroyed (2 names for this law) | first law of thermodynamics, law of conservation of every
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| law of conservation of energy | energy can not be created nor destroyed
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| 1st law of thermo dynamics | energy cannot be created or destroyed
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| in relation to energy.. no one has yet been able to make a ____ machine | perpetual motion
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| what would a perpetual motion machine do | produce more energy that it consumes
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| three reasons we always need enegy | 1. can be changed from one form to another 2. not all forms are equal 3. high grade forms of enery are constantly being degraded into low grade forms
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| does energy flow from hot to cold or cold to hot | hot to cold
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| 2nd law of thermodynamics | energy doesnt flow spontaneously from a cold object to a hot one ei. refridgerators use electricity
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| why do scientists use the word entropy | indicate randomness in position or energy of a system
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| more mixed up a system is the higher its __ | entropy
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| all of our energy comes from | fusion reactor the sun!!
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| endothermic reaction in class combinded what and what happened | barium hydroxide and ammonium phiosionate...made cold
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| exothermic experiment in clas what was involved what happened | H2O2 YIELD (need a catalyst) H2O+O2 + energy + added soap to prove that O2 was produced resulted in lots of bubbles
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