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chapter 14 chemistry
chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| definition of energy | ability to do work |
| us has __% of people in the world and we use __% of worlds energy | 5, 25 |
| __ are number one use of energy in the us | utilities 33% |
| most energy available to us comes from | sun...a nuclear reactor |
| the SI unit of energy is | the joule (J) |
| the SI unit of power is | the watt (W) |
| one watt in relevance to joules | 1 watt is 1 joule per second J/s W=1j/s |
| W= | 1j/s |
| the sun is a ___ reactor | nuclear fusion |
| the sun steadily converts | hydrogen to helium |
| power output of the sun | 4*10^26 |
| earth receives __ amount of power from the sun | 1.73*10^17W (equal to output of 115 million nuclear power plants |
| two forms of energy | kinetic and potential |
| energy due to position or arrangement | potential |
| examples of potential energy | water at the top of a dam, chil atom sliding board, fuel, food, nuclear energy, compressed spring |
| four main types of potential energy | stored by position, stored in chemical bonds, sotred in nuclear particles, stored by compression |
| energy of motion | kinetic energy |
| kinetic energy __ as potential energy __ | increase' decreases |
| examples of kinetic energy | rolling freight train, spinning water wheel, moving molecule, nuclear explosion |
| what happens to energy biosphere receives that isnt used to support life | 30% is immediately reflected back into space as short wave radiation |
| what are the three large uses of energy biosphere receives | 50% used to heat the planet, 23% powers the water cycle, most importantly used by plants for photosynthesis |
| in water cycle radient energy of sun is converted to wat | potential energy of water vapor, water droplets, and ice crystals |
| photosynthesis formula | 6CO2+6H2O + energy YIELDS(with chlorophil as catalyst) C6H12O6+6O2 |
| kinetic -molecular theory | explains effects of temperatures on the rates of chemical reactions (hotter faster reaction) |
| 4 main factors effecting chemical reactions | temperature, concentration of reactants, catalysts, amounts of chemicals |
| two main units of energy | joule and calorie |
| 1cal =__joules | 4.184 |
| exothermic reactions | chemical reactions resulting in release of heat (burning methane, gas and coal) |
| endothermic reaction | energy is supplied as heat in reaction |
| energy supplied as heat in a reaction | endothermic reaction |
| examples of endothermic processes | melting ice, cooking, photosynthesis,breaking bonds, batery charging, decomposition of HgO, mixing NH4Cl with water, evaporation of CFC |
| exothermic processes ecamples | freezing of water, condensation of water vapor, burning wood, metabolism, making chemical bonds, discharging battery, oxidation of Mg to MGO , mixing CaO with water or (H2SO4), nuclear fission and fusion |
| energy cannot be created or destroyed (2 names for this law) | first law of thermodynamics, law of conservation of every |
| law of conservation of energy | energy can not be created nor destroyed |
| 1st law of thermo dynamics | energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| in relation to energy.. no one has yet been able to make a ____ machine | perpetual motion |
| what would a perpetual motion machine do | produce more energy that it consumes |
| three reasons we always need enegy | 1. can be changed from one form to another 2. not all forms are equal 3. high grade forms of enery are constantly being degraded into low grade forms |
| does energy flow from hot to cold or cold to hot | hot to cold |
| 2nd law of thermodynamics | energy doesnt flow spontaneously from a cold object to a hot one ei. refridgerators use electricity |
| why do scientists use the word entropy | indicate randomness in position or energy of a system |
| more mixed up a system is the higher its __ | entropy |
| all of our energy comes from | fusion reactor the sun!! |
| endothermic reaction in class combinded what and what happened | barium hydroxide and ammonium phiosionate...made cold |
| exothermic experiment in clas what was involved what happened | H2O2 YIELD (need a catalyst) H2O+O2 + energy + added soap to prove that O2 was produced resulted in lots of bubbles |
Created by:
zielske
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