jeffs 1st powerpoint
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
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| where is the CNS located? | show 🗑
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| show | outside the bony case
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| what makes up the CNS? | show 🗑
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| show | neuron
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| show | axon and cell body
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| show | white matter (b/c of myelin)
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| show | gray matter
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| where is the grey matter located in the CNS? | show 🗑
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| show | ganglia
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| where is the white matter located in the CNS? | show 🗑
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| show | peripheral nerves and plexus
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| show | sensory
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| show | motor
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| show | signal goes toward brain
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| show | signal goes away from brain
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| what divides the cortex into lobes? | show 🗑
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| show | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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| frontal lobe | show 🗑
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| parietal lobe | show 🗑
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| occipital lobe | show 🗑
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| show | hearing,recognition of sounds, making sense of sounds
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| what is a gyrus? | show 🗑
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| what is a sulcus? | show 🗑
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| what is a soma? | show 🗑
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| show | dna, mitochondria to make energy
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| show | projections off of cell body
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| show | long projection off of cell body
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| is the axon myelinated? | show 🗑
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| what are the nodes inside of axon? | show 🗑
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| show | true
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| which ways can nerve impulses go? | show 🗑
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| show | depends on where the nerve cell is located . thats what determines which way the nerve impulse will go
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| what are ganglians? | show 🗑
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| show | yes
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| show | a collection of white matter within CNS
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| whats the purpose of a commissural? | show 🗑
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| show | corpus collossum
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| show | collection of peripheral nerves
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| show | neurons or glia
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| show | specialized nerve cells tht support and function
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| show | astrocyte, schwann, and oligodendrocytes
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| whats the purpose of astrocytes? | show 🗑
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| where are the astrocytes located? | show 🗑
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| what are schwann cells? | show 🗑
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| show | only in PNS
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| show | they also make myelin
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| show | in CNS
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| show | a chemical or electrical response
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| when is a stimulated nerve going to have a chemical response? | show 🗑
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| show | when the components of the nerve cell itself is touching
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| can a nerve impulse be chemical and electrical? | show 🗑
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| show | any type of space around nerve cell. known for what they r connecting EX:axodendritic synapse
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| show | can be up to feet!!
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| how many nerves does the corticospinal tract have? | show 🗑
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| the anterior horn cell has gray matter located in the horn...True or false?? | show 🗑
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| show | at the motor unit in the proximal 1/3 of the mm belly
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| is gray matter always the axon?? true or false? | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE
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| what is the purpose of gyri or gyrus? | show 🗑
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| show | fissures or grooves tht divide the brain into lobes
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| whats the purpose central sulcus? | show 🗑
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| show | just before the central sulcus
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| show | motor functions
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| show | motor cortex
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| show | gray matter in the CNS
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| show | in the precentral gyrus(motor cortex)
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| where is the lower motor neuron cell body located? | show 🗑
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| where is the post central gyrus located? | show 🗑
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| show | parietal lobe
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| what lobe is the sensory cortex located? | show 🗑
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| show | in the post central lobe(sensory cortex)
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| show | the frontal and parietal lobe from the temporal lobe
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| what do we use the cerebellum for? | show 🗑
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| how many hemispheres do the cerebellum have? | show 🗑
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| anything with the word "thalmus" is located where? | show 🗑
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| whats another term for midbrain | show 🗑
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| show | pons and medulla
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| show | neurons tht connect only with other neurons
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| show | surround and insulate axons in the nervous system and aid in the transmission of electrical signals
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| what does the somatosensory system do? | show 🗑
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| show | provides bidirectional communication between the brain and smooth muscle, cardiac mm, and gland cells.
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| show | transmits information from the brain to skeletal muscles
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| what are the 4 regions tht make up the nervous system.? | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE
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| show | ventricles
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| how is the blood supply of the brain delivered? | show 🗑
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| what does the somatic nervous system connecct with? | show 🗑
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| show | viscera
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| areas of the CNS tht contain primarily neuron cell bodies are..?? | show 🗑
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| show | ganglia
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| show | cortex
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| show | yes
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| show | axons, sensory nerve endings, and glial cearlls
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| show | entire neurons, sensory endings, synapses, ganglia and glia
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| show | starts in foramen magnum and goes to the level of the 1st lumbar vertebrae.
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| how many segments does the spinal cord have? | show 🗑
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| show | by a dorsal root and a ventral root
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| what does the dorsal root ganglian contain? | show 🗑
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| show | spinal nerve
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| show | to convey info btwn neurons connected to peripheral structures and the brain and to process information
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| what is a function of the brainstem? | show 🗑
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| show | thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
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| show | large collection of nuclei in the center of the cerebrum
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| what does the epithalamus consist of? | show 🗑
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| show | relay info to the cerebral cortex, process emotional and some memory information, integrate different types of sensation.
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| what is the purpose of the hypothalamus? | show 🗑
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| what does the longitudinal fissure divide? | show 🗑
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| list the 6 lobes tht divide the cerebral hemisphere.. | show 🗑
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| show | central sulcus
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| show | parieto-occipital sulcus
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| show | lateral sulcus
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| what is the cerebral cortex? | show 🗑
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| show | bundles of axons that convey info btwn the cortices of the left and right cerebral hemispheres
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| what is the largest commisure that connects most areas of the cerebral cortex | show 🗑
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| what are the basal ganglia nuclei in the cerebral in the cerebral hemispheres? | show 🗑
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| where is the limbic system located? | show 🗑
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| show | true
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| show | circulates from inside the brain to the surface of the central nervous system and is reabsorbed into the venous blood system.
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| list the 4 ventricles tht are the cavities inside the brain. | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE
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| what are the meninges? | show 🗑
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| the dura has two projections tht seperate parts of the brain.what are they? | show 🗑
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| what is the function of the faulx cerebri? | show 🗑
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| what is the function of the tentorium cerebelli? | show 🗑
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| show | spaces in the faulx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli
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| what is the purpose of dural sinuses? | show 🗑
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| how many spinal arteries supply blood to the spinal cord? | show 🗑
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| what are the 3 arteries tht supply blood to the spinal cord? | show 🗑
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| show | 2 pairs
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| show | two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries
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| where do the paired internal carotid arteries supply blood to? | show 🗑
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| show | brainstem, cerebellum and posteroinferior cerebrum
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| what is the primary blood supply to the midbrain? | show 🗑
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| the cerebrum is entirely supplied by which arteries? | show 🗑
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| what is the circle of willis? | show 🗑
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| show | 6 large arteries anastomose(interconnection so they communicate) with 3 small communicating arteries
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| list the large arteries in the circle of willis. | show 🗑
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| list the 3 small communicating arteries in the circle of willis. | show 🗑
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| what id the purpose of the anterior communicating artery? | show 🗑
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| wht is the purpose of the posterior ommunicating arteries? | show 🗑
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| what are the 3 major cerebral arteries? | show 🗑
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| what part does the anterior cerebral artery supply? | show 🗑
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| show | supplys the internal capsule, globus pallidus, putamen and caudate
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| show | supplies the midbrain and then supplies the occipital lobe and parts of the medial and inferior temporal lobes.
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| what is the function of the mitochondria? | show 🗑
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| show | rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes and tranzports proteins. smooth ER synthesizes and transports lipidsprotein sy
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| what is the function of ribosomes? | show 🗑
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| show | packages neurotransmitters
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| show | TRUE
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| show | transmitting elements of the neuron.
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| show | chemicals contained in the presynaptic terminal that are released into the synaptic cleft to transmit info between neurons
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| what is the synaptic cleft? | show 🗑
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| show | in the soma
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| show | when material travels from the soma along the axon toward they presynaptic terminal.
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| show | when substances are transported from the synapse back to the soma
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| list the two groups that vertebrate neurons are classified into.. | show 🗑
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| how are bipolar cells classified? | show 🗑
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| show | dendritic root and axon
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| are pseudounipolar cells a subclass of bipolar cells or multipolar cells? | show 🗑
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| what are pseudounipolar cells? | show 🗑
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| show | sensory neurons
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| show | multiple dendrites and a single axon.
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| bipolar cells are the most common cells in the vertebrate nervouse system...True or False | show 🗑
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| describe multipolar cell.. | show 🗑
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| what are purkinje cells? | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE
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| show | surrounds the cell and seperates the extracellular environment from its contents
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| true or false..neurons function by undergoin rapid electrical potential actoss the cell membrane? | show 🗑
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| what are the 4 types of membrane channels tht allow ions to flow across the membrane? | show 🗑
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| show | without the openins throught the membrane , the membrane would be impermeable to charged molecules
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| what are modality gated channels? | show 🗑
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| when do modality gated channels open? | show 🗑
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| when do ligand gated channels open? | show 🗑
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| show | open in response to changes i electrical potential across the cell membrane .
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| what are voltage gated channels responsible for? | show 🗑
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| show | the difference in electrical charge, carried by ions.
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| what are three types of electrical potentials in neurons tht are essential for transmission of info? | show 🗑
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| show | when the neuron is not transmitting information, it is the value of the elecctriccal potential across the membrane
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| show | the cell membrane
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| what are 2 forces tht act on ions to detrmine their distribution across the plasma membrane.? | show 🗑
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| what controls the movement of ions | show 🗑
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| what are anions | show 🗑
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| show | -70mV
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| show | the inside
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| show | the concentration gradiant of the ion and the electrical forces acting on the ion
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| when is the cell depolarized? | show 🗑
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| what does depolarized mean? | show 🗑
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| what does hyperpolarized mean? | show 🗑
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| show | when ion channels open to selectively allow the passage of speccific ions
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| what is a local potential? | show 🗑
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| what are action potentials? | show 🗑
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| what are the recieving sites for sensory neurons? | show 🗑
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| what are the recieving sites for motor and interneurons? | show 🗑
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| show | only when the electical potential exceeds the threshold level
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| show | either receptor potentials or synaptic potentials
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| show | modality gated channels
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| what type of gated channels do postsynaptic membranes have? | show 🗑
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| show | when the peripheral receptors of a senosty neuron are stretched, compressed, deformed, or exposed to thermal or chemical agents
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| show | TRUE
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| what determines whether the synaptic potential will be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing? | show 🗑
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| true or false...depolarizing is inhibitory and hyperpolarizing is excitatory | show 🗑
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| what is temproal summation? | show 🗑
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| what is spatial summation? | show 🗑
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| true or false..receptor and synaptic potentials only spread passively over short distances. | show 🗑
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| what is an action potential? | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE. action potentials transmit info over longer distances than receptors
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| action potentials are all or none. explain this. | show 🗑
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| this is an example similiar to firing of an action potential. | show 🗑
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| show | the stimulus itensity thts just sufficient to produce an action potential.
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| how much depolarization is needed to trigger an action potential? | show 🗑
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| show | restored by the diffusion of ions through leak channels
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| show | hyperpolarized
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| show | when the membrane is hyperplarized, it is more difficult to initiate a subsequent actino potential. it is said to be refractory during this time
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| list the 2 states the refractory period can be divided into. | show 🗑
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| show | the membrane is unresponsive to stimuli
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| what happens during the relative refractory period? | show 🗑
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| when does the relative refractory period occur? | show 🗑
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| whT would happen if there were no refractory period? | show 🗑
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| what is the propagation of the action potential dependent upon? | show 🗑
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| show | the uneven distribution of ions must be maintained
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| true or false...current flow for a shorter period of time can result in membrane depolarization over greater distance | show 🗑
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| the nodes of ranvier are specialized for what? | show 🗑
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| does an action potential slow down or speed up when crossing the nodes of ranvier? | show 🗑
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| show | when an action potential propagates down a myelinated axon, it quickly jumps from node to node
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| what is convergence | show 🗑
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| show | process whereby a single neuronal axon may have many branches tht terminate on a multitude of cells
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| this is an example of convergence.. | show 🗑
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| this is an example of divergence.. | show 🗑
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| show | YES!
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| show | CNS
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| how are astrocytes stimulated? | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE :)
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| show | NO and NO. they do release neurotransmitters buy have no synaptic contacts and dont generate action potentials.
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| show | remove chemical transmitters from the synaptic cleft between neurons and clean up other debris in the extracellular space
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| true or false...oligodendrocytes and schwann cells form a protective covering caled myelin sheath.. | show 🗑
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| what are neurons of the CNS myelinated by? | show 🗑
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| what are neurons of the PNS myelinated by? | show 🗑
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| what do schwann cells do when peripheral nerves are inflamed? | show 🗑
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| what is the overall purpose of the macroglia cells? | show 🗑
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| explain guillain-barre.. | show 🗑
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| show | cranial nerves of the face which can cause difficulty with chewing, swallowing, speaking and facial expressions. also have deep aching pain or sensitivity to touch
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| show | process of filtering the blood plasma to remove the circulating antibodies responsible for attacking te schwann cells
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| show | yes
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| show | vesicles of neurotransmitters
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| show | receptors
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| show | specific neurotransmitters
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| where does synaptic contact between neurons occur? | show 🗑
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| what are postsynaptic potentials? | show 🗑
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| what is an EPSP? | show 🗑
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| what is an IPSP? | show 🗑
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| what is a local depolarization? | show 🗑
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| show | inhibitory postsynaptic potential
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| when does an EPSP occur? | show 🗑
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| what can the summation of EPSP lead to? | show 🗑
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| true or false...the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholin is always inhibitory to the mm cell.. | show 🗑
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| explain the IPSP.. | show 🗑
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| show | summation determines wheter an action potential will be generated
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| when is an action potential generated in the postsynaptic cell? | show 🗑
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| show | allows more neurotransmitters to be released
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|
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| activity at a synapse can be influenced by presynaptiv facilitation or presynaptic inhibition? | show 🗑
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| a presynaptic inhibition allows what? | show 🗑
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| neurotransmitters may excite or inhibit the postsynaptiv neuron depending on what? | show 🗑
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| show | by acting at a distance away fromthe synaptic cleft. they are usually more slow and last longer than neurotransmitters
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| show | they use ACh.
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|
||||
| what do ligand-gated ion channels consist of? | show 🗑
|
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| waht are some endogenous ligands? | show 🗑
|
||||
| true or false...electrochemical gradients are affected by the distribution of electrical charge and teh concentration gradient of the specific ion | show 🗑
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| show | YES
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|
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| ion channels will open and close rapidly as long as what is present in the synaptic cleft? | show 🗑
|
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| drugs tht effect the nervous system usually bind with what?q | show 🗑
|
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| what is a neurotransmitter agonist? | show 🗑
|
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| what is a neurotransmitter antagonist? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is neuroplasticity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| is neuroplasticity essential for recovery from damage to the CNS? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is habituation? | show 🗑
|
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| show | due to a decrease in synaptic activity between the sensory neurons and interneurons.
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|
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| show | TRUE
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|
||||
| how long after resting are the effects of habituation present? | show 🗑
|
||||
| can a reflex be elicited in response to sensory stimuli after many seconds of rest? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tactile defensiveness
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|
||||
| what does short-termm changes in neurotransmitter release and post synaptic receptor sensitivity result in? | show 🗑
|
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| True or false...long term memory requires tht synthesis of new proteins and the growth of new synaptic connnections. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | a cellular mechanism for the formation of memory
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|
||||
| show | hippocampus,motor and somatosensory cortex, cerebellum, and visual cortex.
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|
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| long term potentiation contributes to what kind of learning? | show 🗑
|
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| true of false...long term potential is not important to neural recovery following an injury or insult.. | show 🗑
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||||
| show | it may contribute to chronic pain syndromes including low back pain
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|
||||
| show | the neurons excitablity and promote or inhibit the growth of synaptic connections
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|
||||
| what is the mechanism responsible for long term potentiation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| how are silent synapses converted to active synapses? | show 🗑
|
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| show | TRUE
🗑
|
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| what must there be for a neuron to structurally change? | show 🗑
|
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| show | TRUE
🗑
|
||||
| can magnetic stimulation improve motor memory? | show 🗑
|
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| show | produces an increase in the amplitude of exitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP)of an associated neuron
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| show | yes, astrocytes change reapidly in response to changes in stimulation patterns.
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|
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| true or false...injuries tht damage axons always cause cell death.. | show 🗑
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||||
| show | it leads to cell death. when a neuron dies, the nervous system promotes recovery by altering specific synapses, functionally reorganizing the cns, and changing neurotransmitter release in response to neural activity.
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|
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| show | the cytoplasm leaks out of the cut ends, and the segments retract away from each other. once isolated from the cell body the distal segmemt of the axon undergoes a proccess called wallarian degeneration
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|
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| what is sprouting? | show 🗑
|
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| name the two forms tht sprouting takes. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | it occurs when dendrites of neighboring neurons reinnervate a denervated taraget. the target is reinnervated by branches of intact axons of neighboring neurons.
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||||
| what is regenerative sprouting? | show 🗑
|
||||
| where does functinal regeneratin of axons occur more frequently? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | yes when an inappropriate target is innervated.EX: when motor axons innervate different mm's than they previosly did, resulting in unintended movements when the neuron is fired.
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||||
| show | unintended movements when lower motor neuron fire.
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|
||||
| show | schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
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|
||||
| show | they have multiple dendritic projections and are located in the cerebellum
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|
||||
| several types of neuronal membranne channels exist to allow the diffusion o ions. the type of ion channels in which opens in response to a neurotransmitter is ? | show 🗑
|
||||
| a given cell membrane voltage is measured at -100 mv. we would be ccorrect in saying?? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sodium
🗑
|
||||
| propagation of an action potential along a neuron is immediately followed by? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show | long and short term memory
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|
||||
| show | coordination of movement
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|
||||
| abstract thinking and judging is which lobe? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | occurs when secered motor neurons regrow to innervate different muscles than they innervated prior to being severed
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|
||||
| show | they can attract new inputs to maintain nerous system function
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|
||||
| true or false...functional aon regeneration occurs in CNS | show 🗑
|
||||
| what does the developement of glial scars and the absence of nerve growth factor prevent in the brain and spinal cord? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what are some synaptic mechanisms our body uses to recover after an injury to the CNS? | show 🗑
|
||||
| when does synaptic effectiveness occur? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | when presynaptic axon terminals are destroyed and new receptor sites decelop on the postsynaptic membrane in response to transmitter released from other nearby axons
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|
||||
| when does synaptic hypereffectiveness occur? | show 🗑
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||||
| show | it results in larger than normal amounts of transmitter being released on tpostynaptic receptors.
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|
||||
| show | in the normal nervous system, many synapses seem to be unused unless injury to other pathways reslutls in their activation.
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|
||||
| how can coritcal maps be modified? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TRUE
🗑
|
||||
| show | YES...people with congenital deafness have enhanecd peripheral vision to moving stimuli, compared to hearing subjects
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|
||||
| what does plasticity allow for? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | can cause increases in inhibitory neurotransmitters, decreasing the sensory cortex response to overstimulation.
🗑
|
||||
| what can understimulation of the somatosensory pathway cause? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the neurons tht are deprived of oxygen for a prolonged period die and do not regenerate.
🗑
|
||||
| what is excitotoxicity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| do oxygen deprived neurons release large or small quantaties of glutamate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | an excitatory neurotransmitter
🗑
|
||||
| show | the intensity of rehabilitation and the amount of time between the injury and initiation of rehabilitation influences the recovery
🗑
|
||||
| what could occur if there was a prolonged lack of active movement follwing a cortical injury? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TRUE
🗑
|
||||
| true or false...excessive vigorous rehabilitation of motor function too soon after injury can be counter productive | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | it does NOT increase lesion size or worsen outcome
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 3 stages of development in utero? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | conception to 2 weeks
🗑
|
||||
| show | ectoderm...endoderm..mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| show | nervous system develops fromm the ectoderm
🗑
|
||||
| show | nervous system continues to develop and myelination of axons begins
🗑
|
||||
| true or false..somites appear during the fetal stage.. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | a solid sphere of cells that happens during the preembryonic stage and is formed by repeated cell division of the fertilized ovum
🗑
|
||||
| what is the time period of the embryonic stage of development? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ectoderm develops into sensory organs, epidermis, and nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| show | dermis, mm, skeleton, and excretory and circulatory systems.
🗑
|
||||
| show | becomes the gut,liver, pancreas, and respiratory system
🗑
|
||||
| what is the time period of the fetal stage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nervous system develops more fully and myelination of axons begins
🗑
|
||||
| show | from the ectoderm, the outer cell layer of the embryo
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 2 phases tht occur during the formation of the nervous system.? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is the time period for neural tube formation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | neural plate
🗑
|
||||
| where does the neural plate form? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | its when the edges of the neural plate fold and the folds grow toward each other
🗑
|
||||
| show | day 21
🗑
|
||||
| list the sequence of the neural tube closing? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | open ends of the neural tube
🗑
|
||||
| show | when cells adjacent to the neuural tube seperate from the tube and the remaining ectoderm
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to the neural tube and neural crest once the neural crest has developed? | show 🗑
|
||||
| the overlying ectoderm tht closes over the tube and neural crest is designed to be what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | by day 27
🗑
|
||||
| show | 3 days after the superior neuropore..30 days
🗑
|
||||
| show | mantle layer(inner wall) and marginal layer(outer wall)
🗑
|
||||
| show | cell bodies and will becom gray matter
🗑
|
||||
| show | processes of cells, whose bodies are located in teh mantle layer. ths will become white matter. consisting of axons and glial cells
🗑
|
||||
| true or false...the brain and spinal cord develop entirely from the neural plate.. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | as the neural tube closes, the adjacent mesoderm divides into these spherical cell clusters
🗑
|
||||
| where do somites first appear? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is the sclerotome/ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the vertebrae and the skull
🗑
|
||||
| what is a myotome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | skeletal mm
🗑
|
||||
| what is a dermatom? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what does the dermatome become? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | motor plate
🗑
|
||||
| show | TRUE
🗑
|
||||
| is a sclerotome a group of mms derived from one somite and innervated by a singe spinal nerve? | show 🗑
|
||||
| true or false..in the mature spinal cord, the gray matter derived from the basal plate is called the dorsal horn.. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | association plate
🗑
|
||||
| what is the gray matter in the mature spinal cord, thts derived from the association plate called? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what do neurons in the dorsal region of the neural tube processess.? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what do neurons with cell bodies in the ventral region innervate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | seperates into columns. on eon each side of the neural tube.
🗑
|
||||
| show | one connects to the spinal cord, and the other innervates the region of the somite tht will become dermis
🗑
|
||||
| show | peripheral sensory neurons
🗑
|
||||
| where are the cell bodies of the peripheral sensory neurons located> | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TRUE :)
🗑
|
||||
| as the fetus matures, the spinal column grows faster then the cord. what happens as a result of this? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what day during development does brain formation begin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hind brain, midbrain, and forebrain
🗑
|
||||
| the hind brain divides into 2 sections. name these | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | upper section
🗑
|
||||
| is the metencephalon the upper or lowers section of the hindbrain? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what do the myelenchephalon and mentencephalon later become? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | FALSE migrate through the white matter
🗑
|
||||
| epithelial cells tht line the neural tube divide to produce what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| how do neurons migrate to their final location? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | depends on the area of the brain where the neuron migrates
🗑
|
||||
| show | by a process tht emerges frm the neuron cel body. it expands to form the growth cone. the growth cone samples the enivron. contacting othr cels and chemicl cues. grwth cone recoils from sum chemicls an advnces into othr regions wher chemicls are mor compa
🗑
|
||||
| true or false...neuronal death and axon retraction sculpt the developing nervous system | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | innervation
🗑
|
||||
| show | fast twitch mm and slow twitch mm
🗑
|
||||
| show | when innervated by a slow motor neuron
🗑
|
||||
| show | when innervated by a fast motor neuron
🗑
|
||||
| what is a myelin sheath composed of? | show 🗑
|
||||
| when does myelination begin in developemtn? | show 🗑
|
||||
| when are myelin sheaths usually completed? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1 month
🗑
|
||||
| show | 2 yrs old
🗑
|
||||
| what would happen if neurons tht project from cerebral cortex to motor neurons were damaged perinataly? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is growing into deficit? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | between day 14 and week 20
🗑
|
||||
| what is anencephaly? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | when the cranial end of the tube remains open and the forebrain does not develop.
🗑
|
||||
| show | TRUE
🗑
|
||||
| show | developmental deformity of the hind brain
🗑
|
||||
| explain arnold-chiari 1. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hydrocephalus, malformation of lower cranial nerves which can cause problems with facial weakness, decreased hearing, problems with coordination.
🗑
|
||||
| show | pain and temperature sensation on the shoulders and lateral limbs
🗑
|
||||
| show | malformation of the brainstem and cerebellum leadin to extension of teh medulla and cerebellum through the framen magnum
🗑
|
||||
| show | incomplete closure of the neural tube caled meningomyelocele
🗑
|
||||
| show | neural tube defect tht resulst when the inferior neuropore dos not close. the developing vertebra dont close around an incomplete neural tube. results in a bony defect at the distal end of the tube
🗑
|
||||
| what is spina bifida occulta? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is spina bifida cystic? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what are the 3 types of spina bifida cystica? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is meningocele? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is meningomyelocele? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is myeloschisis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is a tethered spinal cord? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what are some physical charecteristics of fetal alchohol abuse? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | behavioral problems and cognitive movement problems
🗑
|
||||
| what can cocaine exposure in utero cause? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what happens in development when cells fail to reach their normal destination in the cerebral cortex? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | abnormalities of dendritic spines
🗑
|
||||
| how is cerebral palsy classified? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | spastic..athetoid..ataxic..mixed
🗑
|
||||
| show | movement and postural disorde caused by permanent, nonprogressive damage of developing brain
🗑
|
||||
| show | mm shortening results in toe walking and scissor gate.
🗑
|
||||
| what is scissor gate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is athetoid cerebral palsy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | damage is in cerebellum. incoordination, weakness, and shaking during voluntary movement
🗑
|
||||
| show | affects both limbs on one side of the body
🗑
|
||||
| what is quadriplegia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the upper limbs are less severely affected than both lower limbs
🗑
|
||||
| show | TRUE
🗑
|
||||
| what is developmental coordination disorder? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | range of abnormal behaviors including impaired social skills
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 3 autism disorders> | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TRUE
🗑
|
||||
| show | they spak and have normal intelligence. limited social skills, their narrow range of interests and their repetive and frequently obsessive behaviors interfere with school, wrk, social life
🗑
|
||||
| show | indicates atypical behaviors similar to autism or aspergers
🗑
|
||||
| what are critical periods during development? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TRUE!!!
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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