ASTR101 Final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | V = H0d
V= velocity
H0: 71 km/s/MPC
d= distance
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| What is Hubble's law? | show 🗑
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| show | About 3 billion years or more
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| What causes the high temperature on the surface of Venus? | show 🗑
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| show | Old, red, and dim and have fewer heavy elements
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| show | Mainly made up of gas and dust; needed for star formation to occur
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| show | Hundreds of millions of years
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| show | how galaxies, stars, and other celestial objects are arranged throughout the universe. Their positions are measured through redshift.
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| One way astronomers deduce that the Milky Way has a disk is that they | show 🗑
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| show | a massive star reaches the end of their life so its core has gravitational collapse
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| When two galaxies collide with each other as far as disruption? A. very hot gases are formed. B. sucked into black holes. C. collision of their stars D. the gravit- tidal forces that one exerts on the other. E. the big explosions from a collision. | show 🗑
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| Write out the distances of the following in (AU or Light Years). Of these, which of the following is the *farthest* from the Sun? A. Oort Cloud B. Jupiter C. Neptune D. Earth E. Asteroid Belt | show 🗑
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| Solar System Formation: The numerous craters that we see on solid surfaces of most bodies in the solar system are evidence that | show 🗑
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| Where are most heavy elements made? How? | show 🗑
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| show | Mass deduced to be present from its gravitational effect but which emits no visible light or other detectable radiation.
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| You observe a distant galaxy. You find that a spectral line normally found in the visible part of the spectrum is shifted toward the infrared. What do you conclude? | show 🗑
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| show | Red Supergiant (large radius and lower temp)
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| The observed position of the Sun relative to the background stars changes each day because of | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Low gravity due to small size (atmosphere would get quickly lost into space)
2. Lack of magnetic field (atmosphere would get stripped with solar wind)
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| Write out each of the following and then put these in order from smallest to largest. A. The diameter of the Sun B. 1 light-year. C. The size of Pluto’s orbit. D. The size of a typical galaxy. E. Distance to the nearest star (other than our Sun) | show 🗑
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| show | The star’s rapid rotation sweeping beams of radiation across the viewer’s line of sight
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| Based on Kepler’s third law, you can be sure that the orbital period of a planet very near the Sun like Mercury must be | show 🗑
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| show | D. Radio waves
A. Infrared
B. Red visible light
C. Violet visible light
E. X-rays
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| show | Have a very large diameter.
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| Which of the following is a statement of the *fact* of evolution? | show 🗑
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| Of these, which makes the most sense as to why space isn’t expanding within systems such as our Solar System? | show 🗑
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| At what phase of the moon do we get a solar eclipse? | show 🗑
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| What is our beset guess, based on current estimates, for roughly how old the universe is? | show 🗑
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| show | Stellar parallax.
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| What is the Local Group? What are some properties about it (i.e. number of stars, number galaxies, etc.) | show 🗑
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| show | is moving faster when it is closer to the Sun
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| show | Cepheid variables
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| show | Gravity is a pulling force that works between any two objects with mass. It’s a non-contact force, which means it can work over a distance, even though the objects don't touch each other
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| Which of the following is a consequence of Hubble’s Law? | show 🗑
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| show | A massive star runs out of fuel causing gravitational collapse. Electrons and protons combine quickly to form neutron. It leaves an extremely dense core full of neutrons, creating a neutron star. The outer layers are blown away by a supernova.
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| Why are spiral arms bright? | show 🗑
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| show | It's caused by the Earth's axial tilt. This tilt means different parts of the Earth get more or less sunlight at different times of the year.
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| show | bluer
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| show | An open universe has no beginning.
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| show | Our Sun will eventually run out of fuel and expand into a red giant. After that, it will shed its outer layers, creating a planetary nebula, and its core will shrink into a cool, dim white dwarf
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| show | Mercury
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| show | It is radiation created during the early days of the Universe.
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| Consider the force of gravity between two masses M1 and M2 separated a distance D apart. If we HALVED the distance between the two masses, how does the force of gravity between them change? (Hint: use the universal law of Gravitation) | show 🗑
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| If the Moon were twice its present distance from Earth | show 🗑
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| show | 1. The apparent motion of the sun and stars: The Earth isn't moving are constellations show up in the same time each year along with the sun rising and setting in the same direction everyday
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| Discuss how these were later understood in terms of the Sun-centered model of the solar system prt 1 | show 🗑
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| Name one different observations (which could be astronomical or on Earth) that suggested to the ancients that the Earth is not moving. prt 2 | show 🗑
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| Discuss how these were later understood in terms of the Sun-centered model of the solar system prt 2 | show 🗑
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| Describe the evolution of the Sun, from its formation to its final stage as a compact object. | show 🗑
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| Describe the evolution of the Sun, from its formation to its final stage as a compact object. | show 🗑
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| show | 3. Red giant: As the Sun runs out of hydrogen in its core, it will start to fuse helium and other heavier elements, causing it to expand become a red giant.
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| Describe the evolution of the Sun, from its formation to its final stage as a compact object. | show 🗑
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| Describe the evolution of the Sun, from its formation to its final stage as a compact object. | show 🗑
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| show | Star1/Star2 = (d2/d1)^2
1/(1/81) = (d2/10)^2
81 = (d2/10)^2
sq rt 81 = d2/10
9 = d2/10
d2 = 90 million light years
Star 2 is 90 million light years distance
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| show | The Disk: This is the flat, spiral region of the Milky Way where most of the stars are located. The spiral arms of the disk are where most of the hot young stars form, where new stars form from the gas and dust.
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| In class we discussed three major parts of the Milky Way galaxy. Draw a diagram of the Milky Way, with arrows clearly labeling and naming each of the three parts. Also indicate where most of the hot young stars are currently forming | show 🗑
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| show | Spiral Galaxies:
Shape: Flat, with a central bulge and long, winding arms (like the Milky Way).
Stars: Contain both old and young stars, especially in the spiral arms, where new stars form.
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| Name the three major types of galaxies. Contrast the three in terms of shape and the types of stars found in the galaxies | show 🗑
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| Name the three major types of galaxies. Contrast the three in terms of shape and the types of stars found in the galaxies | show 🗑
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| Why should we expect that collisions between galaxies are fairly common, but collisions between stars are not | show 🗑
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| show | 1. (CMB) Radiation is a faint glow of radiation left over from the early universe, detected in all directions. It matches predictions for the heat leftover from the Big Bang, showing the universe was once extremely hot and dense
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| b. Second piece of evidence | show 🗑
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| show | Abundance of light elements: Which is hydrogen and helium. The Big Bang theory predicts these exact ratios of elements, which matches what we observe in the universe today
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| What is the concept of inflation in the universe? | show 🗑
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| Discuss *briefly* one problem solved by the idea of inflation | show 🗑
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