Organic Chemistry Laboratory Techniques
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IR | The infrared spectrum of a sample is recorded by passing a beam of infrared light through the sample. Examination of the transmitted light reveals how much energy was absorbed at each wavelength
🗑
|
||||
| NMR | In a magnetic field, NMR active nuclei (such as 1H or 13C) absorb at a frequency characteristic of the isotope. The resonant frequency, energy of the absorption and the intensity of the signal are proportional to the strength of the magnetic field
🗑
|
||||
| Distillation | method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption O-H | 3200-3500 strong and broad
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption N-H | 3100-3500 medium
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption C-H | 2850-3100 medium to strong
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption C triple bond H | 2100-2260 weak
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption C=O | 1630-1800 strong
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption C=C | 1600-1680 weak
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption C-O | 1050-1250 strong
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption alkane C-H stretching | 2850-3000 strong
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption alkane CH2 bending | 1450 medium
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption alkane CH3 bending | 1375 and 1450 weak to medium
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption alkene C-H stretching | 3000-3100 weak to medium
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption alkene C=C stretching | 1600-1680 weak to medium
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption alkyne C-H stretching | 3300 weak to medium
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption alkyne C triple bond C stretching | 2100-2260 weak to medium
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption alcohol O-H(hydrogen bonded) | 3200-3500 medium, broad
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorption alcohol C-O | 1050-1250 medium
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorptions of aromatic hydrocarbons | C-H stretching 3000 medium to weakC-H bending 690-900 strongC=C stretching 1475 and 1600 strong to medium
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorptions of carboxylic acids C=O | 1700-1725
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorptions of esters C=O | 1735-1800
🗑
|
||||
| IR absorptions of amides C=O | 1630-1680
🗑
|
||||
| signal splitting n+1 rule | a proton with n neighbors appears as a cluster of this rules peaks.
🗑
|
||||
| Carbon chemical shift 0-50 | sp3 carbon(tertiary>secondary>primary)
🗑
|
||||
| carbon chemical shift 50-80 | sp3 carbon bonded to electronegative element such as N, O, X. the more electronegative the element,the larger the chemical shift.
🗑
|
||||
| Carbon chemical shift 100-160 | sp2 carbon of an alkene or an aromatic compound
🗑
|
||||
| carbon chemical shift 160-180 | carbonyl carbon of a carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative
🗑
|
||||
| carbon chemical shift 180-210 | carbonyl carbon of a ketone or an aldehyde
🗑
|
||||
| goal of distillation | separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture
🗑
|
||||
| how distillation works | Water is distilled to remove impurities, such as salt from seawater. Air is distilled to separate its components—notably oxygen, nitrogen, and argon—for industrial use
🗑
|
||||
| fractional distillation | the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, such as in separating chemical compounds by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which several fractions of the compound will evaporate
🗑
|
||||
| simple distillation | simple distillation is usually used only to separate liquids whose boiling points differ greatly (rule of thumb is 25 °C)or to separate liquids from involatile solids or oils
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
elainero
Popular Chemistry sets