Isomers
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| cis-trans isomers | is a form of stereoisomerism describing the orientation of functional groups within a molecule with double-bonds that can't rotate where cis-same and trans-opposite.
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| chiral | Human hands are perhaps the most universally recognized example because they describe an object that is non-superposable on its mirror image
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| constitutional isomers | Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different chemical structures or order of attachment of their atoms
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| diastereomers | stereoisomers not related through a reflection operation. They are not mirror images of each other. These include meso compounds, cis-trans (E-Z) isomers, and non-enantiomeric optical isomers
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| enantionmers | two stereoisomers that are related to each other by a reflection: they are mirror images of each other, which are non-superimposable
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| achiral | two stereoisomers that are related to each other by a reflection: they are mirror images of each other, which are non-superimposable
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| plane of symmetry | a plane of reflection through which an identical copy of the original molecule is given
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| stereocenter | any point in a molecule, though not necessarily an atom, bearing groups, such that an interchanging of any two groups leads to a stereoisomer
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| stereoisomer | isomeric molecules that have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but which differ only in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space either enantiomers or diastereomers
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| isomers | different compounds with the same molecular formula either constitutional or stereoisomers
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| R configuration (Rectus) | clockwise configuration of stereocenter where lowest priority is in the back and counting from highest to second-lowest priority(Right hand)
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| S configuration (Sinister) | counter-clockwise configuration of stereocenter where lowest priority is in the back and counting from highest to second-lowest priority(Left hand)
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| increasing priority rules | H,CH3,NH2,OH,SH,Cl,Br,I
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| TO FIND STEREOCENTERS | look for carbons with four different attachments
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| physical properties of diastereomers | different
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| physical properties of enantionmers | same in an achiral enviroment however in a chiral environment the plane polarized light rotates in different directions(this is the different in generic(racemic mixture) and non-generic(non racemic mixture which is separated using polarized light)
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| chirality in molecules does not affect enzyme matching because | enzymes are also chiral
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