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GENETICS BIO

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
A permanent change in the bases on the DNA. It is the only way of creating new alleles   show
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A TYPE OF cell division where a single cell divide (segregate) twice to produce four daughter cells. the purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes (sex cells). each of these daughter cels are haploid which only contains one set of chromosomes (23)   show
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show HAPLOID  
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A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set from the father. (46)   show
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A kind of dominance where the dominant alleles completely mask the recessive allele showing up as a heterozygous genotype E.G: RR (RED) + rr (WHITE) = Rr (RED)   show
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show INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE  
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show CO-DOMINANCE  
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show LETHAL ALLELES  
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show SEGREGATION  
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The way the homologous chromosomes randomly line up at the equator during meiosis, which leads to the independent distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes   show
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show MIGRATION  
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The movement of an organism moving INTO area to another. For example, a bird may immigrate to a new island from another island.   show
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show EMIGRATION  
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show GENE FLOW  
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show GENETIC DIVERSITY  
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Occurs during meiosis, specifically prophase I, when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, leading to genetic variation   show
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What happens to both alleles in a heterozygous organism when co-dominance occurs?   show
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show SOMATIC CELLS  
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show GAMETIC CELLS  
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show BOTH DOMINANT TRAITS  
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In co-dominance, what is the phenotype ratio observed when crossing two parents that are heterozygous for both alleles?   show
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How does the heterozygous genotype differ between co-dominance and complete dominance?   show
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when there are more than two variations of that particular allele   show
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show recessive alleles  
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when better suited organisms are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, while passing on their advantageous to the next generation   show
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the inheritance of two different genes, each with two alleles   show
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show they are close to each other on the same chromosome and dont assort independently during meiosis. This violates Mendel's law of independent assortment. that genes located on different chromosomes will assort independently.  
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What happens to the probability of recombination between two genes if they are very close to each other on a chromosome?   show
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show GENETIC LINKAGE  
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show THE OCCURENCE OF GENES LOCATED CLOSE TO EACH OTHER ON THE SAME CHROMOSOME THAT TEND TO BE INHERITED TOGETHER  
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show THEY DO NOT ASSORT INDEPENDENTLY.  
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Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together, because they do not assort independently during meiosis   show
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show BY CREATING NEW ALLELE COMBINATIONS THAT ARE NOT FOUND IN EITHER PARENT  
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show PROPHASE I  
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What is one consequence of lethal alleles in a population?   show
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What typically happens to homozygous recessive individuals with two lethal alleles?   show
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show RECESSIVE LETHAL ALLELES  
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show because they often have increased survival or reproductive success compared to other genotypes which helps maintain the allele in the population  
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How does the presence of lethal alleles in a population affect genetic diversity?   show
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How can a lethal allele be maintained in a population?   show
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How do lethal alleles affect population ratios in predictions made with Punnett squares?   show
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show neither allele is completely dominant nor completely recessive  
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show neither allele is completely masks the other. instead, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is an intermediate blend of both homozygous phenotypes (E:G: red and white flowers resulting in pink flowers from a cross )  
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show the flower colour in snapdragons (E:G:: red flower and white flower which results in offspring with an intermediate pink colour)  
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what does a heterozygous individual show in cases of incomplete dominance?   show
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show it is an intermediate phenotype between both homozygous parent forms  
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What key event occurs during prophase I of meiosis?   show
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TRUE OR FALSE: Genes that are close together on a chromosome are more likely to undergo crossing over than genes that are further apart.   show
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show TRUE: because it involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis  
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Why do linked genes tend to be inherited together?   show
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show Crossing over can produce recombinant chromosomes.  
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What new genetic outcome results from crossing over that is different from either parent?   show
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show The frequency of recombination between linked genes is proportional to the distance between them on the chromosome.  
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What information is used to create linkage maps?   show
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Which event during prophase I of meiosis contributes to genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes?   show
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show CROSSING OVER: it can break the linkage between genes and produce new combinations of alleles, resulting in recombinant chromosomes  
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How can a scientist estimate the distance between two genes on the same chromosome?   show
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show The genes are far apart, so the frequency of recombination is high due to crossing over.  
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show Crossing over  
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show THEY WOULD BE INHERITED TOGETHER  
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the total number of genes and their alleles present in a population. it encompasses all the genetic diversity within that population   show
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show DIRECTIONAL SELECTION  
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an event that drastically reduces the size of a population, leading to a decrease in genetic diversity. this can occur in events such as natural disasters or overhunting   show
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show HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES  
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a diagram that that diagrams the inheritance of a trait or health condition through generations of a family   show
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show GENETIC DRIFT  
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show SEXUAL REPRODUCTION  
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show ALLELE FREQUENCY  
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show STABILIZING SELECTION  
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are located on different chromosomes, making them less likely to be inherited together during meiosis   show
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the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population   show
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show ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION  
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different versions of a gene that can result in variations in traits E.G: brown eyes vs blue eyes   show
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the diversity of phenotypes or genotypes within a population of species   show
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