lifespan development
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| what are the two inborn intellectual functions? | organization & adaptation
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| assimilation consists of using existing _______ | schemes
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| accommodation consists of _________ schemes | modifying
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| what is the main issue in the sensorimotor stage? | object permanence
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| in the preoperational stage, __________ ________ refers to the quality of a stimulus that makes it stand out and capture attention due to its prominent sensory features | perceptual salience
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| in the preoperational stage, ___________ is where a child moves away from a one-dimensional or self-centered way of thinking and begins to consider multiple aspects or perspectives of a situation | decentration
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| in the preoperational stage, ____________ is the ability to understand that objects or numbers can be changed and then returned to their original state | reversibility
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| in the preoperational stage, _______________ ______ refers to the ability to understand the process of change from one state to another | transformational though
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| during the ________ ____________ stage, children should be able to decenter, apply reversibility, grasp the concept of class inclusion, and do transformational thoughts | concrete operational
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| in the concrete operational stage, _________ is the ability to arrange objects in a logical order based on a particular characteristic | seriation
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| in the concrete operational stage, __________ is the ability to understand the relationship between elements in an order | transitivity
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| children should be able to use hypothetical-deductive reasoning in which stage? | formal operational
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| in which stage is abstract thinking observed? | formal operational
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| in what stage do we start to see systematic and scientific thinking | formal operational
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| in the formal operational stage, _________________ refers to the ability to think about concepts independently of experiences. | decontextualize
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| the scientific method development says that recognition ________ production | precedes
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| who created the idea of adolescent egocentrism? | elkind
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| the difficulty adolescent have differentiating their own thoughts from those of others is known as? | adolescent egocentrism
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| which kind of thinking do adults have that may not be logically correct, the best solution to real-life problems, and no objective absolute truth? | relativistic thinking
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| which kind of thinking includes detecting paradoxes and reconcile them | dialectical
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| one problem piaget had in his theories was that he continued to _____________ the abilities of children | underestimate
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| according to vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective, cognitive growth occurs in a _____________ context | sociocultural
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| according to vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective, cognitive development varies in different ________ | societies
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| in the zone of proximal development, ___________ refers to the guidance provided by an adult to help a learner accomplish a task that they would not be able to achieve independently | scaffolding
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| according to vygotsky, social speech is speech to a _____ | child
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| according to vygotsky, private speech is speech to one's ___ | self
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| according to vygotsky, the transition to inner speech is to the ____ | self
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| _______________ refers to patterns of thought connect with patterns of neural activity | neoconstructivism
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| what was the first tier fischer proposed in his dynamic skill framework? | reflexive
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| what was the second tier fischer proposed in his dynamic skill framework? | sensorimotor action
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| what was the third tier fischer proposed in his dynamic skill framework? | representations
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| what was the fourth tier fischer proposed in his dynamic skill framework? | abstractions
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| who proposed the idea that behavior emerges from interactions between person and context? | kurt fischer
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| pretend play starts at _ years old and blossoms between _-_ years old | 1; 2; 5
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| in sensory registering, ________ refers to the brief nature of certain types of memory, particularly sensory memory and short-term memory | fleeting
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| in short-term memory, the ___________ loop is responsible for processing and storing verbal and auditory information. | phonological
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| in terms of short-term memory, ________ memory refers to the ability to temporarily store and recall specific personal experiences that occur in a particular context | episodic
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| true or false: long-term memory is relatively permanent | true
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| ________ , the first step in creating a memory, is the process by which information is transformed into a format that can be stored in the brain for later retrieval. | encoding
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| _____________, the second step in creating a memory, is the process by which short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories | consolidation
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| _______, the third step in creating a memory, is the process of maintaining information over time after it has been encoded | storage
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| ________, the fourth step in creating a new memory, is the process of bringing stored information back into conscious awareness when needed | retrieval
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| what type of memory retrieval is it when a person is given a prompt or cue to help them recall information? | cued recall memory
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| in long-term memory, ________ memory is unintentional and automatic | implicit
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| in long-term memory, ________ memory is deliberate and requires effort | explicit
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| semantic and episodic memory are examples of _______ memory | explicit
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| _______-_______ uses information-processing systems to achieve a goal or make a decision | problem-solving
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| which type of processing refers to the brain's ability to process multiple streams of information simultaneously? | parallel processing
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| an ____________ _______ is a built-in, unlearned stimulus | unconditioned stimulus
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| an ____________ _______ is an automatic, unlearned response | unconditioned response
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| a ___________ ________ is a stimulus which causes learned response | conditioned stimulus
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| a ___________ ________ is a learned response | conditioned response
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| _______ ____________ is the probability of behavior based on its consequences | operant conditioning
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| ________ _________ is where an individual reproduces a behavior they have observed at an earlier time | deferred imitation
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| what is it called when an organism becomes less responsive to a repeated stimulus over time? | habituation
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| pure recall is available by _ months of age | 9
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| repeating something even when no changes are being made, continuing to use ineffective strategies is known as ____________ _______ | perservation efforts
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| what is the first stage to successful strategy use? | mediation deficiency
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| what is the second stage to successful strategy use? | production deficiency
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| what is the third stage to successful strategy use? | utilization deficiency
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| _________ is the knowledge of memory | metamemory
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| _________ is linked to improved memory | metamemory
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| scripts are typical sequences, available by age _ | 3
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| true or false: older adults learn more slowly | true
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| by age __, your learned memory starts to decrease | 70
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| Semantic memory for vocabulary increases until age __ | 65
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| are deficiencies in knowledge base the source of memory problems? | no
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| ___ models how older adults may cope with and compensate for their diminishing cognitive resources | SOC
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| what does the S in SOC stand for? | selection
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| what does the O in SOC stand for? | optimization
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| what does the C in SOC stand for? | compensation
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| ________ memory involves the storage and retrieval of general knowledge about the world, facts, concepts, and meanings, independent of personal experiences | semantic
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