Orgo Ch1 - Electronic Structure and bonding/ Acids & Bases
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Electronegativity | tendency of an atom to pull bonding electrons toward itself
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| bond strength or dissociation energy | energy required to break a bond or the energy released when a bond is formed
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| pi bond | side to side overlap of 2 "p" atomic orbitals
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| Easy way to determine hybridization of C, O, or N | look at number of pi bonds: none - sp3 hybridized/ 1 - sp2 hybridized/ 2 - sp hybridized
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| When pKa decreases, what happens to acid strength? | It increases.
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| pH scale describes. . . | Used to describe acidity of a SOLUTION
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| pKa | is characteristic of a particular COMPOUND
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| carboxylic acid | compounds that have a COOH group. i.e. acetic acid, formic acid
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| What happens to the stability of a base as the electronegativity increases? | It increases
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| Stable bases are _______ bases. | weak
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| As we proceed down a column in the periodic table, elements get larger, electronegativity ___________ but the stability of the base __________. | decreases / increases
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| stable base | base that readily bears the electrons it formerly shared with a proton.
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| degenerate orbitals | orbitals that have the same energy
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| aufbau principle | an electron always goes into the available orbital with the lowest energy.
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| Pauli exclusion principle | no more than 2 electrons can occupy each atomic orbital and the 2 electrons must be of opposite spin
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| Hund's rule | (blank)
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| ionization energy | the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
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| electronegative | elements that readily acquire an electron
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| inductive electron withdrawal | pulling electrons through sigma bonds (in a halogen-substituted carboxylic acid, an electronegative halogen atom pulls the bonding electrons toward itself)
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| H - H equation | tells us whether a compound will exist in its acidic form(proton retained) or in its basic form(proton removed) at a particular pH.
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| pH < pKa | compound will exist primarily in it's ACIDIC form
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| pH > pKa | compound will exist primarily in it's BASIC form
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| Lewis acid | species that accepts a share in an electron pair
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| Lewis base | species that donates a share in an electron pair
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