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Stack #42468
Orgo Ch1 - Electronic Structure and bonding/ Acids & Bases
| Ch1 (front) | Ch1 (back) |
|---|---|
| Electronegativity | tendency of an atom to pull bonding electrons toward itself |
| bond strength or dissociation energy | energy required to break a bond or the energy released when a bond is formed |
| pi bond | side to side overlap of 2 "p" atomic orbitals |
| Easy way to determine hybridization of C, O, or N | look at number of pi bonds: none - sp3 hybridized/ 1 - sp2 hybridized/ 2 - sp hybridized |
| When pKa decreases, what happens to acid strength? | It increases. |
| pH scale describes. . . | Used to describe acidity of a SOLUTION |
| pKa | is characteristic of a particular COMPOUND |
| carboxylic acid | compounds that have a COOH group. i.e. acetic acid, formic acid |
| What happens to the stability of a base as the electronegativity increases? | It increases |
| Stable bases are _______ bases. | weak |
| As we proceed down a column in the periodic table, elements get larger, electronegativity ___________ but the stability of the base __________. | decreases / increases |
| stable base | base that readily bears the electrons it formerly shared with a proton. |
| degenerate orbitals | orbitals that have the same energy |
| aufbau principle | an electron always goes into the available orbital with the lowest energy. |
| Pauli exclusion principle | no more than 2 electrons can occupy each atomic orbital and the 2 electrons must be of opposite spin |
| Hund's rule | (blank) |
| ionization energy | the energy required to remove an electron from an atom |
| electronegative | elements that readily acquire an electron |
| inductive electron withdrawal | pulling electrons through sigma bonds (in a halogen-substituted carboxylic acid, an electronegative halogen atom pulls the bonding electrons toward itself) |
| H - H equation | tells us whether a compound will exist in its acidic form(proton retained) or in its basic form(proton removed) at a particular pH. |
| pH < pKa | compound will exist primarily in it's ACIDIC form |
| pH > pKa | compound will exist primarily in it's BASIC form |
| Lewis acid | species that accepts a share in an electron pair |
| Lewis base | species that donates a share in an electron pair |
Created by:
Rutgerl
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