Chem3401_Wk5
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Carbohydrate | The most abundant class of bioorganic molecules consisting of a polyhydroxy aldehyde, a polyhydroxy ketone or a compound that yields polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones upon hydrolysis.
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| Biochemistry | The study of the chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other
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| Monosaccharide | A carbohydrate that contains a single polyhydroxy aldehyde or polyhydroxy ketone unit
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| Disaccharide | A carbohydrate in which two monosaccharides are bonded together by a glycoside linkage
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| Polysaccharide | A polymer that contains many monosaccharide units bonded to each other through glycosides linkages; also known as glycans
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| Lipid | An organic compound found in living organisms that is insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar organic solvents
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| Fatty acid | A naturally occurring monocarboxylic acid that nearly always contains an even number of carbon atoms in an unbranched chain.
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| Triacylglycerol | A lipid formed by esterification of three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule
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| Essential fatty acid | A fatty acid needed in the human body that must be obtained from dietary sources because it cannot be synthesized within the body in adequate amounts from other substances.
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| Phospholipid | A lipid that contains one or more fatty acids, a phosphate group, a platform molecule to which the fatty acid and the phosphate group are attached, and an alcohol that us attached to the phosphate group
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| Cholesterol | A steroid whose structure is based on a fused-ring system that involves three 6-membered rings and one 5-membered ring
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| Cell membrane | A lipid-based structure that separates a cell’s aqueous-based interior from the aqueous environment surrounding a cell.
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| Hormone | A biochemical substance, produced by a ductless gland, that has a messenger function.
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| Protein | A naturally occurring, unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids.
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| Amino acid | An organic compound that contains both an amino group and a carboxyl group.
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| Peptide | An unbranched chain of amino acids, each joined to the next by a peptide bond
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| Immunoglobulin | A glycoprotein produced by an organism as a protective response to the invasion of microorganisms or foreign molecules
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