EXAM WEEK
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| External Genitalia (MALE): | Penis and Scrotum
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| Testes/Testicle | Pair of ovoid-shaped organs, similar to the ovaries in the woman. They are part of the internal genitalia.
They produce sperm and testosterone.
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| Penis | Used for urination and reproduction.
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| Components of Penis: | Shaft and Glans
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| Glans | Contains nerve endings.
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| Congenital Penis Abnormalities | Those that are present at birth and caused by something that interferes with the normal development of an unborn baby.
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| Congenital Penis Abnormalities: | Hypospadias
Epispadias
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| Hypospadias | Condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. (one of most common abnormalities in males)
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| Epispadias | Condition in which the urethra opens on the top side of the penis.
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| EXAMINATION NOTE: | Inspection and Palpation of the external genitalia are initially performed with the patient standing disrobed in front of the seated examiner.
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| Physical Assessment: | Inspection and Palpation
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| Scrotum | Bag of skin that hold and helps to protect the testicles.
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| Testicles | make sperm and to do this, the temperature of the testicles needs to be cooler than the inside of the body.
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| Inguinal Hernia/ Groin Area | Located between the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and symphysis pubis medially.
The tear in abdominal wall leading to protrusion of abdominal tissue like intestinal tissue through a weak spot.
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| Scrotal Hernia | Occur in older adult (common) and can happen from pressure like straining bowel movements, heavy lifting, coughing, sneezing or obesity.
Pressure forces part of intestine through that weak spot in groin or abdominal wall.
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| Disposable Gloves | Necessary for male genitalia examination.
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| Water-soluble lubricant | Normally used to penetrate the orifice.
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| Test Tube with Water and pH Paper | Are used for female genitalia examination.
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| Femoral Hernia | Mostly occurs in women particularly older women. This is because the wider shape of the female pelvis.
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| Male Internal Genitalia: | Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Prostate Gland
Urethra
Seminal Vesicle
Testicle
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| Testosterone | Male sex hormone.
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| Epididymis | Highly coiled tube that lies at the back of the testes. All sperm must pass through the epididymis, where they mature and start to swim.
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| Vas Deferens | Thick-walled tube joined to the epididymis. It carries sperm from the epididymis up to the prostate gland and urethra.
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| Prostate Gland | Walnut-sized gland that sits in the middle of the pelvis. The urethra runs through the middle of it. It produces the fluid secretions that support and nourish the sperm.
Neutralizes female acidic vaginal secretions.
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| Urethra | Tube that extends from the bladder to the external opening at the end of the penis. Carries both urine and sperm.
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| Seminal Vesicles | 2 small glands above the prostate gland that make up much of the fluid semen.
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| Spermatic Cord | Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and vas deferens. Transports spermatozoa away from the testis.
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| GENITALIA NOTES: | The spermatic cord on the left side is usually longer; thus the left testis hands lower than the right testis.
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| Hernia | Protrusion of loops of bowel through weak areas of the musculature.
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| Inguinal Canal | Tube-like structure (4–5 cm or 1.5–2 inches long in an adult) through which the vas deferens travels as it passes through the lower abdomen.
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| External Inguinal Ring | Exterior opening of the inguinal canal, which can be palpated above and lateral to the symphysis pubis. It feels triangular and slit-like. It is located 1 to 2 cm above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament and cannot be palpated.
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| Internal Inguinal Ring | Internal opening of the inguinal canal.
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| Femoral Canal | Another potential spot for a hernia located posterior to the inguinal canal and medial to and running parallel with the femoral artery and vein.
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| Median Sulcus | two lobes separated by a shallow groove. (Prostate)
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| Seminal Vesicles | These are rabbit-ear–shaped structures that produce the ejaculate that nourishes and protects sperm. They are not normally palpable.
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| Cowper's (or bulbourethral) glands | Are mucus-producing, pea-sized organs located posterior to the prostate gland. These glands surround and empty into the urethra. They are not normally palpable either.
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| POSSIBLE ABNORMALITIES ON MALE GENITALIA: | Infertility
Difficulty urinating
Prostate Disease
Impotence
Loss of Libido or Sex Drive
Hormone Deficiency
Testicular Cancer
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| Infertility | Caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm.
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| Difficulty Urinating | Most common cause of urinary hesitancy in older men is an enlarged prostate. Almost all older men have some trouble with dribbling, weak urine stream, and starting urination. Another common cause is infection of the prostate or urinary tract.
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| Prostate Disease | There are three most common forms of prostate disease are inflammation (prostatitis), non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH) and prostate cancer.
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| Impotence | Inability to get a satisfactory erection.
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| Loss of Libido/Sex Drive | It may stem from low testosterone, lack of sleep, depression or stress, substance use, and more.
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| Hormone Deficiency | Is a condition in which the body doesn't produce enough of the hormone that plays a key role in masculine growth and development during puberty (testosterone) or enough sperm or both.
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| Testicular Cancer | Is a growth of cells that starts in the testicles.
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| ABNORMALITIES OF THE SCROTUM: | Hydrocele
Testicular Tumor
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