Film Processing
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| activator | a chemical used in film developing in the fixer solution to maintain an acidic pH to enhance the funtioning of the clearing agent
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| agitatiot | stirring up of the processing solutions
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| chemical fog | the effect on a film when unexposed silver halides are reduced
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| chemical precipitation | a type of silver recovery system that uses chemicals to break down in the fixer adn release electrons; the silver is heavy and falls to the bottom of the tank
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| circulation system | a part of the automatic processing system designed to stabilize temperatures, agitate solutions, mix the chemistry, and filter the solutions
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| clearing agent | the primary agent of the fixer
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| crossover network | part of the automoatic processing transport system designed to bend the transport rack and must be directed down to the next tank or section
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| developing | the step in film processing; silver is deposited at the latent image sites and an image becomes visible
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| drive system | part of the automatic processing transport system designed as a series of mechanical devices to turn the numerous rollers in the processor from power supplied by a single motor
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| dryer system | the final stage of film processing that removes the excess water, cools and dries the film, and seals the film for viewing and storage
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| drying | the process of film developing in which hot air is forced over both sides of the film as it exits the processor
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| dwell time | the time allotted for the fixer in a silver revcovery unit to sit to permit chemical reactions to occur
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| electrolytic | a type of silver recovery system that passes a current from a cathode to an anode through the fixer; the ionized silver is attracted to the negatively charged cathode
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| entrance rollers | specially designed crossover network to begin the film traveling form the feed tray down into the developer section
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| fixing | the process of removing undeveloped silver halides to make the image premanent for viewing
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| flood replenishment | a type of replenishing system used for low-volume systems; controlled by a timer that floods the developer and fixer tanks with replenisher at regular intervals
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| hardener | a chemical used in film processing that controls the swelling of the gelatin to prevent scratches adn abrasions to the emulsion during processing; in a fixer solution must function in an acidic environment
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| heat exchanger | the part of the automative processing system in which a thermostat is used to heat the developer which is then routed to a circulation coil to heat the fixer by conduction
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| hydroquinone | a developing agent that slowly reduces silver and produces heavy density
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| metallic replacement | a fixer recovery unit in which the fixer acid breaks down the iron in a steel screen or in steel wool and displaces it with silver
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| pass box | a lightproof container set in the wall of the darkroom used to pass film through for processing
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| phenidone | a chemical that quickly reduces silver, enhancing fine detail adn subtle shades of gray, and works only in areas of light exposure
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| preservative | a chemical used in film processing to help descrease the oxidation of the reducing agents when they are combined with air; also used in fixer solution to aid removal of silver from the emulsion
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| reducing agent | a chemical used in film developing that provides electrons to the silver ions attached to the sensitivity specks of the silver halide crystals
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| replenishment system | replaces chemicals that are depleted through the chemical reactions of processing, oxidation, and evaporation
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| resin | a type of silver recovery system that uses acid to form resin ions; the silver is attracted to the resin; the resin is processed to remove the silver
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| solvent | chemicals used in developing film suspended in water
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| standby replenishment | a type of flood replenishing system used for low-volume systems; controlled by a timer that floods the developer and fixer tanks with replenisher at regular intervals
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| starter solution | a solution of acetic acid and potassium bromide that is added to the replenisher solution when starting a fresh tank of developer
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| superadditivity | when two reducing agents are combined, forming a PQ developer, their reducing ability is the sum of their independent abilities
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| tailing | if the silver recovery is not sufficient, a second process is undergone to process the solution after it has gone through the first unit
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| temperature control system | the part of the automatic processing unit that maintains all theww solutions at compatible temperatures
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| timed replenishment | a type of flood replenishing system used for low-volume sytems; controlled by a timer that floods the developer and fixer tanks with replenisher at regular intervals
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| transport racks | part of the automatic processing transport system consisting of three rollers designed to move film through a processing tank
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| transport system | paart of the automativ processing system designed to move a film through developer, fixer, wash, and dryer sections of the processor
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| volume replenishment | type of replenishment system used for high-volume systems; activates when films enter the processor
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| washing | the process of using water to remove as much of the fixer and developer solutions as possible
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